Capabilities

What's inside the Land Health System

A reference of every measurement layer, diagnostic score, report and visualisation the platform produces.

01 · Assess

What the system measures

Earth-observation, terrain and climate data, processed into a continuous picture of every field on a property — at weekly resolution, with history back to 2018.

Terrain

Slope. Gradient per 10 m hexagon, in degrees. Shows where erosion concentrates and where machinery cannot operate.
Aspect. Compass direction every part of every field faces. Predicts frost pockets, sun stress, seasonal differences.
Hillshade (winter & summer). Two shaded-relief views with 3× exaggeration revealing gullies, terraces, and old earthworks aerial photos miss.
Contours (1 m–25 m). Engineering-grade elevation lines, the reference for any earthwork, water-line or fence.
TPI (ridge vs hollow). Topographic Position Index telling you which fields shed water and which collect it.

Water on the land

TWI (wetness index). Where water naturally accumulates — pooling, marshy ground, best spots for trees, ponds, buffers.
Valley network. Natural drainage lines, where buffer strips, ponds, and tree planting will compound returns.
Ridge network. Crests on the property — shelter-planting candidates and highest-leverage water-harvesting points.
Keypoint zones. Valley narrowings where dams are most efficient — water-storage siting.
Water-leverage maps. Highest-payoff sites for harvesting, infiltration, and storage, ranked by hydrological impact.

Landscape design

Keyline zones (1–4). Four management zones from ridge to valley with consistent water and temperature regimes.
Keyline contour lines. Boundaries between zones — ready-made survey lines for fencing and tree rows.
Access corridor. Optimum route from the farmstead — where to put new tracks and pipe runs.
Pond / dam suitability. Ranking of pond candidates beyond the keypoint shortlist.
Enterprise suitability per field. Ten-class long-term capability covering arable, horticulture, orchard, silvopasture, conservation, water storage.

What lies beneath

Bedrock & superficial geology. Solid and drift geology under your soil. Explains soil formation and groundwater behaviour.
Soil organic carbon (SOC). Topsoil organic carbon — the headline soil-health metric and the baseline for any carbon claim.
Soil pH, texture, bulk density, CEC and nitrogen. Core soil-property maps. Flag fields needing lime; predict water-holding and workability.

Vegetation & cover

Vegetation greenness (NDVI / EVI). Weekly satellite greenness per pixel — "is it growing?" through the year.
Red-edge chlorophyll (CIred / MTCI). Canopy stress indicators that work where NDVI saturates. Detect stress before greenness drops.
Canopy moisture (NDMI). Leaf and canopy water content — your earliest drought-stress warning.
Bare soil index (BSI). Soil exposure mapped weekly. Tracks erosion risk and cover-crop performance.
Live vs dead cover (NPV / GV). Photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic fractions. Tells you if ground is protected even when not green.
Land cover (Dynamic World). Eight-class continuously updated land cover — what is actually growing where.

Heat, water & microclimate

Land surface temperature (Landsat / ECOSTRESS). Thermal maps showing which fields evapotranspire and which heat up. Visualises active cooling.
Cooling index. Each field's thermal performance relative to the site mean. Ranks fields by water-cycle function.
Soil moisture (surface and root-zone). Soil-water content from SMAP. Integrates rainfall and drainage; drives growing-season decisions.

Carbon & biomass

Above-ground biomass (lidar). Woody biomass from NASA GEDI L4A footprints + L4B gridded. Coverage to ±51.6° latitude.
Radar woody-structure (PALSAR-2). Year-on-year woody-biomass change with no cloud problem — forest-and-hedgerow change record.
Carbon-flux maps (GPP, Reco, NEE). Photosynthesis, respiration and net flux at 500 m, aggregated to parcel scale. Sequestering or emitting?

Disturbance

Forest-cover loss & gain (Hansen). Annual tree-cover change pixels — the official global record used in TNFD and ESRS disclosure.
Active fire. Daily fire detections from MODIS and VIIRS. Builds a fire-occurrence record per field per year.
Drought-mortality flag. Fields where multi-year vegetation collapse has occurred. Identifies dieback before it is visible from the ground.

Health summary

EFI / WCI / MCI / CDI. Four ecosystem-process scores (Energy, Water, Mineral, Community) 0–100 per field. The diagnostic dials behind every recommendation.
Land Health Score band (1–9). Single label per field from Collapsed to Flourishing — the headline classification for stakeholder communication.
Weekly land state. Five-level field status: optimal, stress, dormant, extreme or unknown. Snapshot of every field every week.
Aerial basemap with parcel outlines. High-resolution backdrop with field boundaries — visual reference for every figure.

02 · Diagnose

What the data tells you about your land

Process-based diagnosis across the four ecosystem processes — energy, water, mineral, community — with confidence labels, limiting indicators, weather-corrected trajectories, and independent cross-checks built in.

Health & process scores

Whole-farm Land Health Score. Single number summarising overall ecosystem health. Your benchmarking and tracking metric.
Per-field Land Health Score. Every field on the same recognisable 1–9 ladder as the whole farm.
Confidence label. Low / Moderate / High per score. Tells you how strongly to act on the number.
Limiting indicator. The single ecological health factor dragging a field down. Points to the exact thing that needs improvement.

Climate & weather context

Brittleness score (1–10). How aridity-driven your land is. Calibrates expectations for rest, recovery and resilience.
Weekly climate state. Optimal, normal, stress or dormancy each week. Shows when the land was actually under stress.
Growing-season window. Detected start and end of season. Defines your decision window for grazing, mowing, sowing.
Stress-week count. Annual tally of stressed weeks. Enables fair year-on-year comparison by de-trending for weather.
Extreme-event flag. Heatwaves, floods and hard frosts — single-day events recorded for context.
Annual weather class. Normal, Stressed or Severely-stressed year label that caveats each year's scores.

Carbon analytics

Annual carbon flux (GPP, Reco, NEE). How much carbon was fixed and respired. Quantifies the carbon balance.
NBP per land-cover class. Net Biome Production by parcel type. Distinguishes a woodland sink from a grassland sink-or-source.
tCO₂/ha sequestration. Standard inventory units, the headline indicative figure — see σ bands for external use.
Cumulative sequestration. Total carbon sequestered across the assessment period. The headline cumulative figure behind any carbon claim.
Carbon–health consistency. Whether ecological and carbon trajectories agree. Catches "looks healthy but losing carbon" cases.
Permanence risk. LOW / MODERATE / HIGH / CRITICAL durability label per parcel. Tells stakeholders how durable a claim is.
Cross-checked AGB. Pipeline above-ground biomass independently verified at every parcel against eight authoritative datasets.
Cross-checked SOC. Pipeline soil organic carbon (0–30 cm) verified against ISRIC SoilGrids, FAO GSOCmap, UKCEH Countryside Survey, RothC.
Per-parcel verdict matrix. Green / amber / red / not-applicable for every (parcel × reference) pair, with σ band and candidate cause.
30-year forward projection. Per-parcel projected carbon trajectory using WCC v3.0 tables and IPCC 2019 Tier-1 defaults. Cumulative tCO₂/ha at 3, 5, 10, 30 years.

Trajectory over time

Sen's slope trend per process. Robust trend in points per year — the headline regen-claim metric.
Year-to-year variability. How stable the scores are. The resilience metric for enterprise design.
Trajectory class. Regenerating, Steady or Degrading. The verdict line in the trajectory report.
Land Health Score band sequence. Multi-year band history per field — the field's story at a glance ("5-5-6-6-7").

Disturbance & event detection

Harvest, grazing & mowing detection. Radar-derived management events — what was done from space, week by week.
Forest-loss flag. Hansen and biomass-drop combined. The official forest-loss flag a TNFD report needs.
Fire flag. Hotspot density combined with optical confirmation. Calibrated certainty.
Bark-beetle alert. Conifer-specific dieback flag — species-specific warning for forest sites.
Disturbance recovery cap. Three-year ceiling on Land Health Score after biomass loss. Prevents over-claiming.

Field profiling

Peak and mean seasonal scores. Per-field in-season performance summary. Quick comparison metric for ranking fields.
Weekly phenology profile. 52-week plot of each field's productivity, revealing seasonal shape.
Cover continuity index. Bare-soil and live-cover combined. Your soil-protection metric.
Recovery-pattern detection. How each field's signal recovers after grazing, mowing or stress. Did management produce the intended response?

Forestry-specific

Canopy structure & density. Multi-source signals capturing canopy height, closure and gaps. Stand condition without a ground inventory.
Regeneration & gap dynamics. Detection of canopy openings and how they close. Supports continuous-cover and natural-regeneration management.
Age-class & structural diversity. Spectral and radar signatures of even-aged vs mixed-age stands. Monocultural or diverse in structure?
Deadwood signal. Where detectable from radar and lidar. Supports biodiversity claims tied to standing and fallen deadwood.
Wood-pasture & silvopastoral balance. Tree-cover-to-ground-cover ratio per parcel. Headline structural metric for these systems.

Independent verification

Spatial cross-check (8 datasets). AGB and SOC sampled at every parcel against ESA CCI Biomass, GEDI L4A/L4B, ISRIC SoilGrids, FAO GSOCmap, Copernicus LC, Hansen.
National-inventory cross-check. UK National Forest Inventory and Italian INFC2015 — the legal-reference inventories.
IPCC Tier-1 sanity bands. Tier-1 defaults per climate zone × land use; Tier-1 agroforestry; AGFORWARD measured European agroforestry.
UK Woodland Carbon Code v3.0. Species × yield-class × age × spacing × management lookup. Drives the 30-year forward projection on forest-track parcels.
Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) v1.0.0. Equilibrium SOC re-run with parcel-specific climate, soil clay, and management inputs.

Diagnosis principles

Gap pattern. Eight-pattern triage: which kind of problem is this? First triage step in the diagnosis.
Limiting process. Single bottleneck process per field. Points to where to act first.
Root cause. Narrative cause behind the bottleneck (compaction, overgrazing, structural aridity, …).
Farming-system code. Ten-class label matching your farming context. Matches diagnosis to the relevant prescription pool.
Cascade order. BROWN → BLUE → GREEN → BLACK recovery sequence. Prevents wasted effort on downstream processes when upstream is broken.
Diagnostic confidence. Low / Moderate / High strength of the diagnosis.

03 · Act & Report

What you get back

Five Standard reports plus a sixth Corporate-only ESG Sustainability & Disclosure Report. Per-field opportunity and risk cards. Forty-plus prescriptions matched to diagnoses. Ten visualisations designed for board, lender, regulator and field-level conversations.

Reports

Baseline Land Health Assessment. The full diagnostic — an eleven-section master document, verdict and diagnosis first, evidence next, methodology last. The diagnostic synthesis, context, water / living / carbon, risk, opportunities and trajectory briefs are chapters within this master, not separate files. (Standard + Corporate)
Land Health Brief. The ten-minute reader's digest — verdict, scores, fields, headline diagnosis. (Standard + Corporate)
Strategic Action Brief. The governance-grade decision pack — strategic brief, risk, opportunities and trajectory in one bound document. (Standard + Corporate)
Field Operations Profile. One operational card per parcel for the person walking the ground — character, seasonal strength, management. (Standard + Corporate)
Visual Property Atlas. Your land in fifteen-plus satellite-derived layers, each a full-page figure with read-this-map commentary. (Standard + Corporate)
ESG Sustainability & Disclosure Report. Framework-aligned across ESRS E4, ESRS E1, TNFD LEAP, GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-2. On the Corporate edition the master also gains an Authoritative Carbon Corroboration chapter (14-dataset σ-band cross-check) and a Sustainability & Disclosure chapter. (Corporate only)

Per-field outputs

Field score table. Sortable per-field score and trend matrix — at-a-glance field ranking.
Field seasonal-profile cards. Hillshade, topo, quarterly strength, Management Assessment / Recommendations / Strategic Potential block per field.
Field opportunity cards. Specific opportunity, root cause, first move, timing. "What should I do on this specific field?"
Field risk cards. Per-field likelihood, impact, vulnerabilities and mitigation across ecological and financial dimensions.
Field topology cards. Position label and enterprise suitability per field. "What is this field for?"
Environmental-zone card. Zone classification and management implications. Ties the field to its broader climate context.

Recommendations

Prescription table (40+ entries). Specific actions for every diagnosis. Matches every diagnosis to a concrete recommendation.
CDI remediation hierarchy. Rest → graze-time → defer → on-farm seed → external seed → purchased plug. Lowest-cost-first ladder for diversity recovery.
Aspect-based seasonal management. First-moves keyed to south, north, valley and ridge fields. Context-aware grazing and mowing timing.
Enterprise suitability by position. Match enterprises to current health and landscape position. Helps choose interventions that fit the land.
Quick-wins block. Low-cost, high-return actions ranked by ease. The do-this-now list.
Strategic-investments block. Multi-year capital actions with payback timeline. The multi-year investment plan.
Ecosystem-service indicators. Per-field carbon, water, biodiversity and soil-protection metrics. Opens the conversation with ecosystem-service buyers.
Risk mitigation per tier. Action set against ecological, financial and compliance risk. Translates risk scores into action.
Permanence-risk management. Action list specifically for HIGH risk and CRITICAL fields. Priority list for de-risking carbon and ecology claims.
Grazing rotation guidance. Field-specific advice on timing, rest length and stocking density. Translates the diagnosis into a livestock-calendar action.

Reference & learning framework

Glossary (50+ entries). Plain-language definitions — a self-contained dictionary.
Key concepts primer. The four processes, Land Health Score bands and confidence. Lets a non-specialist understand the report.
Ecoregion entries (13 zones). Zone-specific management context. Basis for zone-specific advice rather than a generic approach.
Knowledge library (11 documents). Curated documents on hydrology, keyline design, brittleness, enterprises. The intellectual underpinning.
Endnotes & citations. Numbered references to source papers. Every claim defensible to a sceptical reader.
Land Health Score-band outcomes. What each band means for ecology, finance, carbon, biodiversity, water and resilience.
Permaculture design analytics. Sector analysis, zone identification, and edge / microclimate mapping packaged as a permaculture-design toolkit.

Data visualisation

Risk matrix. Likelihood × impact scatter coloured by Land Health Score band. Prioritisation chart for board or risk meetings.
Opportunity bar chart. Per-field opportunity-type stacked bars. Ranks fields by where to invest first.
Carbon balance beam. Sink-versus-source visual. Instantly readable "are we sequestering?" graphic.
Process kite. Radar of the four process scores. Pattern-recognition shape for ecosystem state.
Land Health Score band-distribution stack. Year-on-year band shifts. Shows trajectory as a moving bar.
Catena profile. Elevation × ecosystem-health scatter. Reveals landscape-position effects at a glance.
Climate-delta timeline. Weekly optimal / stress / dormancy zones. Makes climate context legible.
Permanence-risk distribution. Pie or bar of risk tiers across the property. Board-level risk overview.
Land-use-transition Sankey. Year-on-year land-cover flows. The nature-positive-vs-negative reporting visual.
Field cards (composite). One-page infographic per field — take-away briefing for any single field.

Want to see it in action?

The fastest way to understand the depth of the system is to explore it on our Wilder Wood Farm, Davonia demo — no card required.

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