This report reads your land through continuous GIS data and satellite monitoring going back to 2018, currently. A large number of satellite sensor platforms (see methodology) feed through an ecoregion- and regime-aware scoring engine to produce what we call the Land Health Score.

The four ecosystem processes drive the verdict. The water cycle (how rain lands and stays); energy flow (how plants capture and store sunlight); the mineral cycle (how nutrients turn over); and community dynamics (how the plant assembly works as a functional system). Together they shape the property’s ability to absorb shocks, recover from disturbance, and build productive capital over time.

We score relative to a reference state that fits your land’s ecoregion, climate brittleness and management regime. A grassland in a non-brittle Atlantic climate is scored against grassland norms for that setting; a forest stand is scored against closed-canopy reference; agroforestry is scored against agroforestry references. The verdict you read is calibrated to your land.

The report leads with the Verdict and the Strategic Brief; read these first. Then drill into the chapters that matter to your question. Treat the numbers as indicative, not advisory: a strong direction-of-travel signal, suitable for planning, baseline-setting and disclosure, but not a substitute for ground inspection where a material decision rides on the answer.

Indicative Use Only

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What you’re seeing is substantive and comprehensive, but it is not yet complete.

This report is indicative, not advisory. It cannot constitute formal ecological, agricultural, financial, or land management advice and should not be treated as such.

2 Editorial Summary

Wilder Wood Farm. Eight years of satellite monitoring, 2018-2025.

The context

Wilder Wood Farm is a 175-hectare family-run estate in the South Davonia hills, held continuously by the Robin family across the eight-year satellite window. The property carries an unusual breadth of land use for a single holding: thirty-eight grassland parcels running from permanent pasture through floodplain meadow to a set of twelve fields that move between arable and temporary grassland year to year, plus two agroforestry alley-cropping blocks and two wood-pasture parkland parcels tracked separately on the forest scoring reference. The variety is the property's defining character. The report treats it as one integrated land system with several tracks rather than a collection of separate experiments. The satellite record covers eight complete years, 2018 through 2025. The scoring engine uses two reference tracks in parallel because the property warrants it: the grassland ensemble covers the thirty-eight pasture and rotational fields, and a forest-track reference covers the two alley-cropping blocks (Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees) and the two wood-pasture parcels (Owl's Holt and Wol's Wood). There is no single site-wide headline number for a property this varied, and this report does not invent one. Grassland readings are stated for the grassland cohort; wooded parcels are stated on their own reference. The climate context matters. The estate sits in the Atlantic Central ecoregion with a brittleness score of 3.4 out of 10, firmly non-brittle. Growing-season rainfall across the record ranged from 314 mm (2018) to 486 mm (2024), and every year in the eight-year window classified as Normal or Favourable. No drought events, no stressed seasons. The land has been given a fair test, not a punishing one.

What the data shows

1. The regeneration trajectory is real, sustained, and evenly distributed

Across the eight-year record the grassland aggregate has climbed from Land Health Score 5 (low) at 58.0 percent in 2018 to Land Health Score 6 (mid) at 63.6 percent in 2023, then settled back to Land Health Score 5 (mid) at 58.8 percent in 2025. Averaged across the run, that is a rate of gain at the upper end of what published regenerative case studies report for temperate grassland on non-brittle sites. What makes the signal trustworthy is how evenly it distributes across the property. Peter Rabbit's Patch leads at Land Health Score 7, with Poohsticks Bridge, Jack & Jill's Hill, Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow, Mary's Garden, Floody Place and Roo's Sandy Pit all sitting at Land Health Score 6 (high). This is not three flagship fields dragging up an average; it is a broad, coherent lift across the pasture platform. The 2024 to 2025 softening is worth naming clearly. Growing-season rainfall dropped from 486 mm to 348 mm and stress weeks rose from zero to three, so the small step back is weather-shaped rather than management-driven. Two-to-three point movements in individual field scores across that transition are within the weather envelope for a non-brittle Atlantic site. Movements larger than five points are the ones that would warrant explanation.

2. Water is the strongest process on the property, and it is site-wide

Water cycling is the standout finding of this assessment. Across the thirty-eight grassland parcels the Water Cycle Index sits at 83 percent, with the best-to-worst spread only nine points wide. That tightness matters more than the headline number. It says infiltration and retention are being managed at the whole-property level rather than in a few showcase fields. Rain lands, infiltrates, and stays available to plants across almost every parcel, including the ridge-shoulder fields (Old Brown's Field, The Spider's Web Meadow, Baa-Baa Pasture) where the topography sheds water and the management has to work harder to hold it. The forest-track parcels tell a consistent story: Hundred Acre Wood at 100 percent, Six Pine Trees at 92 percent, Owl's Holt at 80 percent, and Wol's Wood at 77 percent (tracking with the canopy disturbance recorded there in 2021 and 2022). Even through the drier 2025 season, water cycling did not wobble. On a non-brittle Devon site with reliable rainfall, holding water function this evenly across 44 parcels is the outcome that years of careful management is meant to produce, and the data shows it has been produced.

3. The two alley-cropping blocks are the highest-scoring parcels on the property

Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees, the two agroforestry alley-cropping fields, both read at Land Health Score 7 (mid to high) on the forest reference. Both show recurring signals of tree-row work and alley harvests through 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2025, exactly the operational rhythm of a working alley-crop enterprise rather than any disturbance pattern. Water cycling on these parcels sits at 100 percent and 92 percent, community diversity at 69 percent on both, and the limiting process in each case is energy flow (60 and 67 percent), which is characteristic of alley systems where canopy volume is by design lower than closed forest. The satellite record shows both parcels absorbing and recovering from their management interventions across the eight-year window without any weakening in the underlying scores. Placed against the AGFORWARD European agroforestry reference, these two blocks are performing within one to two standard deviations of the expected range. Read alongside the two wood-pasture parcels described below, the biomass build across the alley-cropping window is the headline agroforestry data point on the property.

4. Wol's Wood is recovering from a real event; Owl's Holt is the parcel to watch

The four forest-track parcels split cleanly into three healthy and one struggling. Wol's Wood took two biomass drops in 2021 and 2022, dropped to Land Health Score 3 in 2024, and has recovered strongly to Land Health Score 6 (mid) in 2025 with canopy cover holding at 84.6 percent. The trajectory is on track: the structure is intact, and community diversity at 42 percent is the process to watch as the understorey rebuilds under the recovering canopy. This is what a healthy wooded parcel looks like coming through a management thin. Owl's Holt is the exception. The parcel has declined from Land Health Score 5 in 2018 down through Land Health Score 2 in 2024, with a fractional lift to Land Health Score 3 (mid) in 2025 alongside a fresh moderate-severity spectral event recorded in September 2025. Canopy cover has slipped a further 2.2 percentage points year on year to 66.7 percent, and energy flow has collapsed to 20 percent, the lowest single process reading on the property. Water cycling (80 percent) and mineral cycling (80 percent) both indicate the underlying soil and hydrology are intact, so the recovery potential is present, but this is a parcel that has taken repeated biomass hits across the eight-year record without a clean recovery window between them. Placed against the IPCC Tier-1 agroforestry parkland reference, it sits well below where the wood-pasture parcels on the property should read.

5. Community diversity is the site-wide constraint

The clearest diagnostic finding across the grassland platform is that species diversity is the limiting process. Across 43 diagnosed parcels, 36 return community dynamics as the weakest of the four ecosystem processes. Site-wide the Community Dynamics Index sits at 56 percent, running ten to fifteen points below mineral cycling on almost every field. The pattern is uniform: water is in good shape, mineral cycling is holding well behind it, energy capture is respectable, and species diversity trails everything else. This is the signature of a property whose grazing management has restored the underlying physical processes, but where the sward composition has yet to catch up. It shows up most acutely in the bottom third of the grassland: Three Blind Mice Meadow, Goldilocks Field, and Old MacDonald's Farmyard all read at Land Health Score 3 with community diversity in the low thirties. The Cat and the Fiddle sits at Land Health Score 4 with mineral cycling also weakened. These four fields together are what pulls the site average out of the healthy band.

6. The carbon signal is a strong positive

Across the productive parcels the property is pulling roughly six tonnes of CO2-equivalent per hectare per year out of the atmosphere. Gross photosynthetic uptake sits around 1,200 gC/m² per year against ecosystem respiration of 896, giving a net biome productivity of approximately 300 gC/m² per year. Multiplied across the estate this represents substantial carbon capital being built into the property year on year, in woody growth, root mass, litter and soil organic matter. Interannual productivity is remarkably steady across the eight years (coefficient of variation 0.039), which means the land is delivering a consistent biomass yield regardless of whether the season is wet (2021, 2024) or drier (2018, 2022, 2025). Permanence sits in the moderate band at 71 out of 100, with the recent alley-cropping row work and the September 2025 event at Owl's Holt visible as legitimate signals in that reading.

What the data leaves unresolved

Satellite monitoring resolves canopy density, structure, phenology, disturbance, and the broad hydrological function of the soil profile. It does not resolve species-level composition of the sward, soil organic carbon at depth, invertebrate populations, or the specific microbial condition of the mineral cycling pathway. Where community diversity reads at 30 to 35 percent on the weakest grassland fields, the data can identify the constraint but cannot say whether the seed bank is depleted, dormant, or simply not being given the recovery window to express. That question requires ground sampling. The 2025 event at Owl's Holt registers as a moderate-severity spectral break of the character consistent with either a partial harvest or a storm disturbance. The satellite record cannot distinguish which. A ground inspection would resolve it and would inform the recovery timeline.

Bottom line

Wilder Wood Farm is a working mixed estate on a genuine regenerative trajectory, with eight years of satellite evidence to support the reading. Water cycling is site-wide and strong. The two alley-cropping blocks are performing within international reference bands. Carbon is being drawn out of the atmosphere at a healthy rate and productivity is holding steady across variable seasons. The grassland platform sits at Land Health Score 5 (mid) with a clear upward arc through 2023 and a weather-shaped softening since. Species diversity is the constraint, most visibly on four grassland fields, and Owl's Holt is a wood-pasture parcel in active recovery from repeated disturbance. The direction of travel is right.

2.1 Executive Summary

The Verdict Wilder Wood Farm has a Land Health Score (EDX) of 5.6 (the land is in transitional condition). Over 8 years the trajectory has been steady, the land holds its ground but has not yet broken through to the next band. The 2025 growing season was normal, a fair test of ecosystem function, so these scores reflect what the land genuinely is, not what the weather made it look like. Biomass-loss events recorded on Owl's Holt (forest disturbance in 2025), Wol's Wood (biomass loss in 2022) are still within their active recovery phase in 2025; those parcels are classified as Recovering while regrowth re-establishes. See Section 2.10b Forest and Agroforestry parcels Diagnostics and the Risk Report for the underlying detections. Forest-track parcels on this site aggregate to EDX7 Healthy (69) over 21.1 ha; this is reported alongside the grassland-ensemble headline above so the two regimes can be compared. The map alongside shows this classification at the pixel level for 2025; darker green is healthier, brown indicates degraded ground.

The Landscape The property spans 175 hectares across 44 fields. The terrain is predominantly mid-slope with moderate gradients. In a non-brittle environment (3.5/10), rainfall is relatively reliable and evenly distributed. The winter hill shade alongside makes the ridges, valleys and drainage lines visible, this is the architecture every other diagnostic sits on top of.

The Diagnosis Water cycling is strong (WCI 83%). The constraint is community dynamics, the sward lacks the species diversity needed for resilience (56%). The land is a strong carbon sink (+6.1 tCO₂e/ha/yr), actively building productive capital through soil carbon accumulation. The Topographic Wetness Index alongside shows where water collects (blue) and where it sheds (tan), the spatial pattern that the water-cycle score is integrating across the whole property.

What Stands Out

Six Pine Trees is the strongest field, healthy (Land Health Score 7.4). Owl's Holt scores lowest (Land Health Score 3.4) and should be the priority for intervention. Priority: Diversity deficit, diversify species/functional groups.

A note on the carbon balance

Wilder Wood Farm is a strong carbon sink. A net +6.1 tCO₂e/ha/yr means the property is building its carbon capital.

Photosynthesis substantially exceeds respiration. 1199 g C/m²/yr captured against 896 respired, a 34% margin in favour of capture.

Across the 175 ha of Wilder Wood Farm: ~1,069 tCO₂e captured this year alone.

In human terms: ~237 average UK cars off the road for a year.

BLACK is the outcome of BLUE and GREEN. Carbon accumulates only when water cycling and living systems are functioning. See Sections 4 and 5 for the diagnostics behind this balance.

Indicative, under review. Carbon flux and stock values are derived from satellite-based models (MODIS GPP, ECOSTRESS, SoilGrids, PALSAR-2) and may currently overstate true site carbon. Treat the figures as directional, not absolute.

Strategic Brief

Assessment

Wilder Wood Farm sits at Land Health Score 5 (mid) at 58.8 percent on the site-wide grassland ensemble, placing it in the upper half of the Transitional band and within touching distance of the Recovering threshold above. The four wooded and agroforestry parcels tracked separately average considerably higher at Land Health Score 7 (mid), 69.1 percent, with three of the four sitting in the healthy range. The property is a 175-hectare mixed estate in the Atlantic Central ecoregion of Devon, spanning 38 permanent and rotational grassland parcels, two agroforestry alley-cropping fields (Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees), two wood-pasture parkland parcels (Owl's Holt and Wol's Wood), and three floodplain meadows along the river. The operating context is forgiving Atlantic country: brittleness sits at 3.4 (non-brittle, where rest reliably produces recovery), rainfall is dependable, and biological decay runs year-round. The 2025 growing season classified as Normal, with 348 mm of growing-season rain, three stress weeks and four optimal weeks, drier than the exceptional 2024 (486 mm, zero stress weeks) but well within the normal envelope. The eight-year trajectory shows the property climbing from Land Health Score 5 (low) in 2018 to Score 6 (mid) at its 2023 peak, then softening back to Score 5 (mid) in 2025 as two drier growing seasons tested the system. The 2025 reading is a fair test result, not a management reversal. Full site character sits in section 4 Context, and the trajectory read in section 2.1 Executive Summary.

Diagnostic

The limiting ecosystem process across the property is community dynamics: the diversity and functional richness of the plant community. Across 43 diagnosed parcels, 36 return community dynamics as the weakest of the four ecosystem processes, averaging 56 percent site-wide and running ten to fifteen points below the other three on almost every field. Water cycling is the strongest process at 83 percent site-wide with only a nine-point spread across the grassland parcels, mineral cycling holds at 66 percent, and energy capture at 63 percent is respectable. The pattern is classic productive-but-brittle: the underlying water and nutrient cycles have been restored, but sward composition has yet to catch up. Full process synthesis sits in section 3 Diagnostic Synthesis. The pattern shows up most acutely on four grassland parcels (Three Blind Mice Meadow, Goldilocks Field, Old MacDonald's Farmyard, The Cat and the Fiddle) that sit at Land Health Score 3 to 4 with all four processes weakening together. It shows up in a milder form across the mid-band. The four forest-track parcels diverge sharply: Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees perform at Score 7, Wol's Wood is recovering at Score 6 after a 2021 to 2022 canopy disturbance, and Owl's Holt sits at Score 3 with energy flow at 20 percent following a run of biomass losses. Carbon is a strong positive across the estate, drawing roughly six tonnes of CO2-equivalent per hectare per year with gross photosynthesis around 1,200 gC/m²/yr against ecosystem respiration of 896. Green process detail is in section 6, water cycle detail in section 5, carbon and forest-track diagnostics in section 7.

Actionable Insights

Diversity gap on the weakest grassland, Three Blind Mice Meadow, Goldilocks Field and Old MacDonald's Farmyard sit at Land Health Score 3 with community diversity in the 30 to 35 percent range and all four processes weakening together; this is the largest single lever on the property and moves the aggregate toward the Recovering band (section 3.10, section 9). Rest before seed, on-farm before purchased, extend recovery periods on the weaker parcels by 20 to 50 percent, defer one or two paddocks for full seed set, then transfer hay with ripe seed heads from Peter Rabbit's Patch, Poohsticks Bridge and Mary's Garden onto the weaker fields; purchased seed is the last resort after two to three seasons (section 3.9, section 6, section 9). Owl's Holt recovery window, wood-pasture parcel at Land Health Score 3 with energy flow at 20 percent, canopy cover at 66.7 percent and down 2.2 percentage points year-on-year, following four disturbance signals including a September 2025 severity event; requires a clean three-year recovery window with no further biomass extraction (section 3.10b, section 6, section 8). The Cat and the Fiddle compaction check, wet valley field (Topographic Wetness Index 19.3) reading Water Cycle Index of only 65 percent alongside Mineral Cycle Index at 38 percent, the divergence between wet landscape position and modest water score points to surface compaction; walk after rain, check pugging around gateways and troughs, rest through wet months before any diversity work (section 3.9, section 8). Ridge fields need shelter before intensification, Old Brown's Field, The Spider's Web Meadow, Baa-Baa Pasture and Old Mother Hubbard's Field sit on exposed ridge positions holding Land Health Score 6; hedgerow reinforcement or shelterbelt planting unlocks the next tier of enterprise options before any stocking increase (section 6, section 9). Alley-cropping trajectory is the property's flagship, Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees hold Land Health Score 7 with recurring tree-row work signals across 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2025 reading as normal management rhythm; stretching row-work intervals or staggering the rotation so three-quarters of rows sit in full canopy at any time would lift energy flow into the mid-70s (section 7, section 9). Wol's Wood recovery monitoring, biomass loss events in 2021 and 2022 pulled the parcel to Land Health Score 3 in 2024; strong bounce back to Score 6 in 2025 with canopy cover at 84.6 percent, understorey diversity is now the process to watch as light conditions stabilise (section 3.10b, section 8). Aspect-differentiated rotation calendar, south-facing and east-facing parcels (Old Brown's Field, The Three Bears' Cottage, Mr Toad's Hall) warm two to three weeks ahead of the north-facing meadows (Peter Rabbit's Patch, Squirrel Nutkin's Field), and hold moisture two to three weeks longer in dry spells; running two rotation speeds rather than one uniform interval better matches the recovery envelope of each aspect (section 10, section 9).

Confirmation requests pending , 14 satellite-detected events on 4 parcels (Owl's Holt, Hundred Acre Wood, Six Pine Trees, Wol's Wood) await your confirmation; see "Observations awaiting your confirmation" near the end of this report.

2.2 At a Glance

The headlines of the four diagnostic layers: BROWN (context) sets the frame in which BLUE (water cycle), GREEN (living systems), and BLACK (carbon & productivity) are interpreted.

Ecosystem Process Detail Water Cycle Level 6: Recovering The water cycle is working but with some runoff during storms. Foundations are sound and the room to improve is in capture and retention. Energy Flow Level 6: Recovering The canopy is doing real work, with seasonal stress dips that recovery has not yet smoothed out. Energy capture is on the right side of the curve. Mineral Cycle Level 6: Recovering Mineral cycling is working but slows in dry or cold periods. The biological engine is in place, the next step is to keep it warm year-round. Community Dynamics Level 5: Transitional Some functional groups are uneven, and undesirable species are starting to gain ground. Extended recovery periods are the lever here.

2.3 Monitoring & Action Horizons

Land health assessment is not a one-time event. Ecosystem trajectories become meaningful over three or more years.

HORIZON 1: OBSERVE. Know Your Landscape

Your property currently has a Land Health Score (EDX) of 5.6 with a REGENERATING trajectory across 8 years of assessment. The limiting ecosystem process is Community Dynamics (56%).

HORIZON 2: DIAGNOSE. Understand Why

The BLUE→GREEN→BLACK triage identifies the primary constraint. Until the limiting process improves, downstream processes cannot respond fully.

HORIZON 3: ACT. Prioritise Intervention

Interventions should follow the Scale of Permanence, address the most permanent factors first, as they constrain everything below:

1. Climate & Geography
Cannot be changed. Adapt to brittleness 3.5/10, growing season length, and elevation range.

2. Topography
Largely fixed. Aspect, slope, ridge/valley structure shape water flow, solar exposure, and enterprise placement.

3. Water
PRIORITY. Assess: water storage placement, keyline opportunities, drainage patterns, bare soil remediation.

4. Access & Roads
Infrastructure that shapes paddock design, stock movement, and management efficiency.

5. Trees & Ecosystems
Assess: shelterbelt placement, riparian condition, succession stage, structural diversity.

6. Fencing
Subdivision for rotational management. Match to topography and water infrastructure.

7. Soil
Assess: organic matter trajectory, biological activity, compaction indicators.

8. Livestock
Stocking rate, species, timing. The most frequent management lever.

9. Crops & Pasture
Species composition, rotation, cover crops. Respond to all layers above.

10. Finance & Energy
Economic viability and energy inputs. Constrained by all other layers.

Reassess regularly to confirm trajectory.

2.4 How to Read the Scores

This section explains the scoring system behind every number in this report. It is reference material, you do not need to read it before understanding the findings above, but it is here when you want to understand how a specific score was derived or what a particular level means.

2.4.1 The Land Health Score (EDX)

The EcoDynamic Index (EDX), developed by Ecological Intelligence, is a 9-level classification of ecosystem health derived from four ecosystem processes: Energy Flow, Water Cycling, Mineral Cycling, and Community Dynamics. Each level represents a distinct ecological state with characteristic signatures in vegetation, soil, water function, and biological diversity.

The four ecosystem processes do not function in isolation, they form a cascade: water cycle → energy flow → mineral cycle → community dynamics. Water must be captured and retained before plants can photosynthesise. Plants must photosynthesise before nutrients can cycle through litter and soil biology. Nutrients must cycle before diverse, resilient communities can establish. A bottleneck anywhere in the cascade prevents the system from reaching its next level. Whilst always interdependent, each ecosystem process represents a window into ecosystem health which can be analysed and scored independently. Each process follows the same 1-9 levels as the EDX, and usually the lowest process score reveals where the bottleneck for ecosystem development lies.

See the Glossary entry on EDX Land Health Score and Section 2.2 in this report for the site-specific reading.

2.4.2 Ecosystem Process Score

Each of the four ecosystem processes is scored on the same 1-9 scale as the Land Health Score. The level shows where a process sits relative to its full functional range, from collapsed (1) at the centre of any landscape’s diagnostic to flourishing (9) at the highest end. Reading these scores together (in the kite diagram and tables that follow) reveals which processes are doing the heavy lifting and which are holding the system back. The four reference tables below describe what each level looks like in the landscape, with the percentage range that defines it.

2.4.3 Brittleness

Brittleness describes how an environment responds to rest. In non-brittle environments (score 1 to 4 on the scale), resting land recovers naturally through biological decomposition. In brittle environments (score 6 to 10), rest leads to oxidation and degradation; the land needs periodic disturbance (such as grazing) to maintain health. Semi-brittle environments (score 4 to 6) show intermediate behaviour. Understanding brittleness is essential for choosing the right management tools because the same low Land Health Score demands very different responses depending on where a site sits on this continuum.

The table below sets out the five brittleness classes used throughout this report. Each class has a characteristic rainfall pattern, a characteristic rate of decomposition in the field, and a characteristic set of management risks. The row matching this site is highlighted.

Yellow highlight: the band this property currently sits in.

See the Glossary entry on Brittleness and Section 3.5 in this report for the site-specific reading.

2.4.4 The Diagnostic Matrix

A process score alone does not tell you what to do. The same low water-cycle score means something different on a steep slope than on flat ground, in a brittle environment than in a non-brittle one, under continuous set-stocking than under planned grazing. To bridge from diagnosis to action, EcoIntel uses a Diagnostic Matrix built on three axes: the Land Health Score (how severe), brittleness (how the environment works), and farming system (what management levers are available).

The matrix operates in three layers:

• Layer 1. Process Triage: identifies which ecosystem process is limiting and classifies the gap pattern (water-limited, energy-limited, community-stalled, co-limited, uniform-low, or balanced-functional).
• Layer 2. Contextual Attribution: uses brittleness, terrain position, and weather to determine WHY that process is limited (compaction vs runoff vs seasonal deficit vs structural aridity).
• Layer 3. System-Specific Prescription: translates the root cause into practical first moves appropriate to the farming system (planned grazing, arable, silvopasture, mixed, etc.).

The reference tables that follow walk through a handful of example farming systems and, for every Land Health Score band, name the likely root causes and the practical first moves, separated into non-brittle and brittle columns, because the same low score demands very different responses depending on the climate. The brittleness classes used as the left/right split are the ones defined in Section 1.4.3; the row matching this site is highlighted in each table.

See the concept introduction in Section 1.4.3 and Section 3.5 in this report for the site-specific reading.

Example farm types: root cause and first moves

The five tables below are illustrative examples, not an exhaustive list, they cover common farming systems used to show how the matrix is read. For every Land Health Score band, the table names the most likely root causes and the practical first moves, split into non-brittle and brittle columns. Use these tables alongside this site’s brittleness reading (Section 1.4.3, with site analysis in Section 2.5) and the EDX trajectory in the executive summary to locate yourself on the matrix.

A. Continuous set-stocked grazing

Yellow row: the Land Health band this property currently sits in. Shaded columns: the brittle / non-brittle side that applies here.

B. Adaptive planned grazing / Holistic Management

Yellow row: the Land Health band this property currently sits in. Shaded columns: the brittle / non-brittle side that applies here.

C. Annual arable

Yellow row: the Land Health band this property currently sits in. Shaded columns: the brittle / non-brittle side that applies here.

D. Mixed crop-livestock

Yellow row: the Land Health band this property currently sits in. Shaded columns: the brittle / non-brittle side that applies here.

E. Silvopasture / woodland grazed

Yellow row: the Land Health band this property currently sits in. Shaded columns: the brittle / non-brittle side that applies here.

For Wilder Wood Farm: brittleness is 3.5/10 (Non-brittle), the current Land Health Score (EDX) of 5.6, and the dominant land use is Mixed Grassland. The highlighted rows in the tables above show the band Wilder Wood Farm currently sits in, and the non-brittle columns are the ones to read first, those are the root causes and first moves that apply to this property today.

2.4.5 Weather-Bias Correction

Every score in this report has been corrected for weather. This section explains why that matters and how it works.

Every measurement of ecosystem health, whether from satellite or from a trained assessor walking the land, is influenced by the weather at the time of observation. A healthy grassland looks stressed during drought. A degraded one looks green after weeks of rain. This creates a fundamental challenge: how do you separate what the land IS from what the weather is making it LOOK like?

EcoIntel has identified and addressed two distinct forms of weather bias:

The satellite halo: Remote sensing indices (vegetation greenness, moisture, bare soil exposure) respond to both ecosystem health and current weather conditions. A dry summer suppresses all vegetation indices across the site, making healthy fields appear stressed and stressed fields appear collapsed. The signal is real, the vegetation genuinely is less green, but the interpretation is wrong if you conclude the ecosystem has degraded. EcoIntel’s ensemble scoring system uses climate predictors (growing-season stress weeks, evapotranspiration ratio) alongside vegetation indices to separate the weather-driven component from the underlying ecosystem health signal.

The assessor halo: When trained ecologists assess land health using in-field indicators, they are also influenced by weather conditions. Analysis of four years of ground-truth data revealed that assessors unconsciously rate ALL indicators worse when vegetation looks poor, including slow-changing indicators like soil microfauna and grass species composition that cannot plausibly shift by two or more categories in a single year. This “scorer halo” amplifies apparent year-to-year variation: raw ground-truth scores for the same field can swing by 50 points or more between years, when the underlying ecosystem health has barely changed. EcoIntel corrects for this by replacing halo-affected indicators with their multi-year field averages, preserving genuine field-to-field differences while removing weather-driven noise.

The halo correction reveals that the field assessor’s assessment was more volatile than the actual ecosystem. At one of our early sites where we first noticed this effect, we found the following:

The raw GT shows a 14-point swing (15→29). The corrected GT* shows only 9 points (19→28). The assessor’s perception was inflated by conditions on the day, arriving during a lush wet 2023 season made things look better than they structurally were, while the stressed 2022 conditions made things look worse.

The three indicators driving this. Microfauna, Cool Season Grasses, Desirable Rare Species, are the slow-changing ecological features that assessors score differently depending on what the site looks like on the day. When the canopy is green and thick (good weather year), assessors tend to score these higher even though they have not structurally changed. The 4-year averaging of these three indicators removes that perceptual bias.

GT* is saying: the real ecological trajectory is steadier and more consistent than the raw assessments suggest. The farm IS genuinely improving (19→28), but the year-to-year jumps in the raw GT are partly the assessor responding to weather conditions, not actual ecosystem change. This gives a slightly more sober, and maybe more honest story: real improvement, but not as dramatic as raw scores may imply.

The result is a score (EHI~) that represents the underlying health of the land, not what the weather made it look like on the day of measurement. This is why EcoIntel scores may differ from what you observe on a single visit, and why the same field can show a stable EHI~ trajectory even when individual years look very different on the ground.

See Section 11.2 (methodology) in this report for the site-specific reading.

3.1 Diagnostic Conclusion

This is the synthesis, everything the report has measured, diagnosed, and interpreted, distilled into a clear assessment of where this property stands and what should happen next. The conclusion follows the BLUE → GREEN → BLACK hierarchy to identify the most impactful intervention point.

The property is regenerating, and the data shows it

Wilder Wood Farm is on an upward path. Across the eight-year record, the site has moved from a Land Health Score in the low fives to a Score 5 (mid) today, with the strongest reading coming in 2023 before settling back slightly. That pattern is characteristic of genuine regeneration on a mid-brittleness Devon property: the trajectory is up, but individual years respond to weather, and 2025 was drier than 2024 with three stress weeks against nine optimal weeks the year before. The direction of travel is what matters, and the direction is right. Water cycling is the strong suit almost everywhere, mineral cycling is holding well behind it, and the two ecosystem processes that consistently trail are energy capture (the Energy Flow Index at 61 percent site-wide) and species diversity (Community Dynamics Index at 56 percent). The grassland ensemble covers 38 fields and paints a consistent picture. The best pastures cluster in the Score 6 to 7 band, led by Peter Rabbit's Patch, Poohsticks Bridge, and the Jack & Jill's Hill / Wee Willie Winkie' / Mary's Garden group. What these fields share is straightforward: high water cycle readings in the high eighties to low nineties, mineral cycling around 80 percent, and community diversity that has climbed into the mid-sixties. They sit predominantly in Keyline Zone 2 (the primary pasture band) on gentler slopes with valley-influenced water positions. At the other end, Old MacDonald's Farmyard, Goldilocks Field, and Three Blind Mice Meadow read in the Score 3 to 4 range, with all four ecosystem processes weakened together. Those three parcels sit low on the property with moderate slope and are the clearest candidates for concentrated attention.

Species diversity is the site-wide constraint, and it is fixable without buying seed

The pattern showing up across nearly every grassland parcel is the same: water and minerals ahead, energy and diversity behind, with Community Dynamics the weakest process on 32 of the 38 pastures. This is the classic signature of a property whose grazing management has restored the underlying water and nutrient cycles but where the sward composition has yet to catch up. Diversity lags because it responds slowest, plants have to be given time to flower, set seed, and colonise. The good news is that everything needed to close this gap is already on the farm. The remediation sequence is well established and it does not start with a seed order. It starts with rest. Extending recovery periods by 20 to 50 percent on the weaker fields (monitoring by leaf stage rather than the calendar, and never re-grazing before the third leaf) will allow suppressed species that are already present in the seed bank to express, flower and self-seed. Where diversity is genuinely thin, the next moves are on-farm seed transfer: cut hay from the more diverse fields (Peter Rabbit's Patch, Poohsticks Bridge, Mary's Garden) when the seed heads are ripe, spread it on the target fields, and trample it in with a mob-grazed mob of cattle. Purchased seed is a last resort after two or three years of these lower-cost interventions have been given a chance to work.

The forest parcels tell four different stories

The four forest-track parcels must be read separately from the grassland, and they diverge sharply from one another. Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees, both alley-cropping systems, are performing well at Land Health Score 7 (mid to high). Their process signatures are healthy: water cycling at 92 to 100 percent, mineral cycling in the sixties, community diversity at 69 percent. Both parcels show recurring signals of tree row work and alley harvests through 2020, 2022, and 2025, which is exactly what you would expect from an actively managed alley-cropping operation. The satellite record is picking up ordinary management rhythm, not disturbance. Wol's Wood sits at Score 6 (mid) and is in a legitimate recovery phase. Two consecutive years of biomass drop signals in 2021 and 2022 pulled it down to a Score 3 in 2024, and the 2025 reading of Score 6 shows a strong bounce back with community diversity flagged as the process to watch. Canopy cover here still reads at a healthy 85 percent, so the structure is intact; the recovery is now about understorey composition catching up with the canopy. Owl's Holt is the parcel that most warrants attention. The wooded pasture reads Land Health Score 3 (mid) with Energy Flow at 20 percent, the lowest single reading on the property. Canopy cover has slipped a further 2.2 percentage points to 67 percent, and the parcel shows a sequence of disturbance signals across 2018, 2020, 2022 and a moderate-severity spectral event in September 2025. This is not a healthy wooded pasture regime. Grazing pressure combined with repeated biomass losses has stalled canopy productivity. The prescription is straightforward: extend recovery periods substantially, reduce stocking, and give the tree component a genuine chance to rebuild leaf area before any further biomass removal.

Priorities for the next twelve months

The three actions with the highest leverage are these. First, on Owl's Holt, take stocking pressure off through the growing season and defer any tree work for at least two years so canopy productivity can rebuild. This is the single parcel where continued management-as-usual is likely to keep the trajectory pointing the wrong way. Second, on the six or seven weakest grassland parcels (Old MacDonald's Farmyard, Goldilocks Field, Three Blind Mice Meadow, The Cat and the Fiddle, The Old Grey Mare, The Crooked Man's Field, Mr Toad's Hall), begin the diversity remediation sequence: longer recovery, mob-grazed non-selective intake, and on-farm hay transfer from your diverse donor fields. Third, keep doing what is working on the top-tier pastures. The trajectory shows that the

3.2 Limiting Process

The limiting ecosystem process is Community Dynamics (56%). This is the constraint that caps overall ecosystem health.

Community diversity is the constraint across the grassland

The single biggest limitation to further improvement across this property is species and functional diversity in the sward. Water is cycling well, mineral cycling is robust, and energy capture is respectable. What is holding the ceiling down is the number and variety of plants doing the work. Across the 38 grassland parcels, community dynamics (the diversity and functional richness of the plant community) averages around 56 percent, sitting a clear 10 to 15 points below the other three ecosystem processes on almost every field. The pattern is remarkably consistent: whether you look at Peter Rabbit's Patch at Land Health Score 7 or The Old Grey Mare's Field at Land Health Score 4, the ranking of the four processes is the same. Water is strong, minerals cycle well, energy capture is holding, and diversity is the tail. This is the classic "productive but brittle" signature. The land is doing the physical work of a healthy grassland, holding water, moving nutrients, growing biomass. What it lacks is the toolkit of species that gives an ecosystem its resilience: deep-rooted forbs to reach subsoil moisture in a dry summer, nitrogen-fixing legumes to feed the sward without inputs, aromatic herbs that support pollinators and livestock health, and structural variety that carries the sward through weather it has not yet been tested against. A monoculture of ryegrass and clover can look excellent on a good year and still fold in a hard one. Diversity is the insurance.

The pattern points at management history, not soil or terrain

The reason to be confident this is a diversity gap rather than a soil or water gap is the way the numbers line up. Water Cycle Index averages the mid-80s across the grassland, Mineral Cycling averages the mid-70s, and Energy Flow averages the low 70s. There is no field where community diversity is high while another process is low, which would suggest a physical constraint. The constraint sits with what has been planted or allowed to persist. On non-brittle Devon ground with 350 to 480 mm of growing-season rain and mostly zero or one stressed weeks per year, the climate is generous. The land is capable of carrying far more species than it currently expresses. This is a management-history pattern, decades of grazing regime and, in places, past reseeding to productive but narrow leys.

Rest and grazing come first, seed comes last

The remediation order matters, and it is the opposite of what most people reach for first. Buying and drilling a diverse seed mix is the last resort in the hierarchy, not the first move. The first move is rest: extending recovery periods on selected paddocks so that the species already present in the seed bank get the chance to flower, set seed, and self-recruit. Many Devon grasslands carry a latent diversity of yarrow, plantain, self-heal, birdsfoot trefoil, and native grasses that never get to express themselves under a tight rotation. Give them 90 to 120 days of rest through the summer flowering window and they will show up. The second move is grazing impact: mob or high-density grazing with a long recovery, so that livestock take a non-selective bite and trample ripe seed heads into the ground where they can germinate. The third is deferring one or two paddocks entirely for a full season to allow complete seed set, then bringing stock back through in autumn to trample and break dormancy. The fourth is on-farm seed transfer: cutting hay from your most species-rich paddocks (Peter Rabbit's Patch and Poohsticks Bridge look like candidates given their Land Health Score 7) when the seed is ripe, and spreading that hay onto the weaker fields at the tail of the list (Old MacDonald's Farmyard, Goldilocks Field, Three Blind Mice Meadow). Trample it in with a mob of cattle. This costs nothing and moves the genetics you already have onto the ground that needs them.

The tail of the list is where the leverage sits

The three fields at the bottom (Old MacDonald's Farmyard, Goldilocks Field, and Three Blind Mice Meadow, all sitting at Land Health Score 3 or 4) show the diversity constraint at its most acute. Community dynamics on these three sits in the 30 to 35 percent range, water cycling has dropped into the mid-60s, and energy flow is under 45 percent. These fields are past the point where rest alone will solve the problem within a reasonable time frame. They are candidates for on-farm hay transfer from the top of the list, followed by a season of high-impact grazing to plant that seed. If, after two full seasons of that treatment, diversity is still not moving, then imported species-rich hay from a diverse donor site becomes the next step, and only after that would a purchased seed mix be justified. The point of the hierarchy is to build the community from what the land already knows, then supplement, then and only then to introduce new genetics. Each step up the ladder costs more money and carries more risk that the new species will not persist. Working from the bottom of the ladder upwards is both cheaper and more durable.

Diversity gains will lift the other three processes in turn

The last thing worth naming is what to expect if diversity moves. Community dynamics is the "black" process in the ecosystem-process hierarchy, meaning it sits downstream of water, energy, and minerals in the sense that it needs all three to function before it can develop. But once it does develop, it lifts the ceiling on all three. Deep-rooted forbs improve infiltration and lift Water Cycle Index a further 3 to 5 points. Legumes fix nitrogen and lift Mineral Cycling. Structural variety in the sward extends the effective growing season by two to three weeks at each end and lifts Energy Flow. This is why the recommendation matters beyond the diversity number itself. Move community diversity from the mid-50s to the mid-60s across the property over the next three to five years, and expect a corresponding lift of 4 to 6 percent in the overall Land Health Score aggregate. That is the trajectory worth aiming for.

3.3 At a Glance

Every field scored, side by side. This table is the starting point for diagnosis, it shows which fields lead, which lag, and where the process imbalances are that explain the difference.

Note: WCI, EFI, MCI, and CDI are annual means including dormant months. In temperate climates, winter dormancy pulls annual averages well below peak growing-season capacity. See per-field profiles (Section 6.13) for seasonal curves and peak values.

The grassland platform is broad, steady, and mid-band

Across the grazing platform, this is a property performing as a coherent whole. Thirty-eight grassland parcels sit in a tight cluster in the middle of the Land Health scale, with most reading Score 5 or Score 6 and a handful climbing into Score 7. Water cycling is the standout: nearly every field infiltrates and holds rainfall well, sitting in the 80s and low 90s, which is what you would expect on a non-brittle Devon site with 350 to 480 mm of growing-season rain and reliably good soil moisture. The consistency across the platform is the story. There are no shock lows, no runaway highs, and no single field dragging the average down for reasons the rest of the fields do not share. The strongest grassland parcels are Peter Rabbit's Patch, Poohsticks Bridge, and the two hilltop pastures at Jack & Jill's Hill and Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow, all reading Land Health Score 7 (mid). These are your reference fields for the grazing platform: water in the low 90s, mineral cycling in the high 70s to low 80s, and community diversity in the mid-to-high 60s. They tell you what the rest of the platform is capable of reaching. The weakest three, Three Blind Mice Meadow, Goldilocks Field, and Old MacDonald's Farmyard, all land at Score 3 to 4 and share the same signature: water cycling holding up in the mid-60s while energy capture, mineral cycling, and diversity have all slid together into the high 30s to low 40s. That combined-low pattern points to bare or thin ground, thatch build-up, or a rotation that has locked these three into a persistent low-productivity state. They are the highest-leverage fields on the property.

Community diversity is the site-wide bottleneck

Looking across all 38 grassland fields, the pattern is unambiguous. Water is fine, mineral cycling is fine to strong, energy capture is moderate, and community diversity is the lowest process in every single field. On the best fields, diversity sits in the mid-to-high 60s while mineral cycling reaches into the 80s. On the weakest fields, diversity drops into the low 30s while water still reads in the 60s. This is a classic long-established pasture signature: the sward is functional, it grows grass, it holds water, and it cycles nutrients, but the species pool has narrowed over time to a small number of dominant grasses. The remedy sits in the rest-and-recovery end of the toolkit: extended recovery periods to let existing species flower and self-seed, deferred paddocks for full seed set, and on-farm hay transfer from your Score 7 fields (which carry the most diverse sward) onto the Score 3 to 4 fields. Purchased seed should be the last move, not the first.

The wooded parcels tell two very different stories

The four forest-track parcels split cleanly into three healthy and one struggling. Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees, both alley-cropped systems, land at Land Health Score 7 with water cycling at or near the reference ceiling and energy capture in the healthy range for a productive alley crop. Wol's Wood, an old wooded pasture, reads Score 6 (recovering) after a canopy disturbance in 2021 to 2022 that the structural biomass has already recovered from; it is now diversity-limited rather than energy-limited, which is the expected trajectory as a wooded pasture rebuilds after a thin. The exception is Owl's Holt, sitting at Score 3 with energy capture at 20 out of 100. Water and mineral cycling in this parcel are still strong, so the ground is functioning; what has collapsed is the canopy's productive machinery. The disturbance record shows a partial harvest in 2022 and a further severity event in September 2025, and the structural biomass reading of -13.3 dB HV backscatter confirms Owl's Holt now sits well below closed-canopy density. This parcel is in active early recovery and will need three to five years of rest before energy capture rebuilds.

The eight-year trajectory shows a real gain that partly gave back

The site-wide trajectory tells you the management is working, with a caveat worth naming. From 2018 to 2023 the property climbed from Score 5 (mid) to Score 6 (mid), a genuine gain of roughly fifteen tilde-points, which is a substantial move on this scale over five years. The 2024 and 2025 readings have eased back to Score 5 (mid), and the growing-season climate data explains part of that: 2025 delivered only 348 mm of rain with three weeks of stress and just four optimal weeks, one of the drier and more stressed years in the record. The underlying trajectory is still upward, but weather is now visibly modulating the annual reading. The management priorities for the next cycle are clear: rest and diversify the three low-scoring grassland fields, protect Owl's Holt through its recovery, and watch whether the platform returns toward Score 6 in the next average-rainfall year.

3.4 Land Health Assessment

The Land Health Score classification is not just a number, it describes where your ecosystem sits on the journey from degraded to flourishing. This section explains what your current classification means in practice: what is working, what is not, and what it would take to reach the next level. Your current band is highlighted in the table below.

Characteristics

Some ecosystem processes are holding while others are weakening, creating uneven canopy cover and diversity across the landscape. Runoff is frequent during storms, localized erosion and soil capping appear in vulnerable areas, canopy is uneven with variable vigor, and undesirable species are beginning to increase. This band represents a critical threshold where management decisions will determine whether the system improves toward EDX6 or weakens toward EDX4.

Improvement Path

To reach EDX6: Urgent need to stop degradation trend. Immediately reduce soil disturbance, dramatically increase ground cover through enrichment planting and assisted natural regeneration, address erosion hotspots with targeted interventions, extend non-intervention periods significantly, and reduce harvesting pressure to allow ecosystem recovery. This is the last easy intervention point before major restoration becomes necessary.

The property sits at the top of the transitional band

Wilder Wood Farm is functioning as a working landscape in genuine transition. The grassland portfolio, thirty-eight fields covering the bulk of the property, currently averages a Land Health Score of 5 (high) at 58.8 percent (EDX5, ~13), which places the site in the upper half of the transitional band and within touching distance of the next band up. The four woodland and agroforestry parcels tracked separately average considerably higher at Land Health Score 7 (mid), 69.1 percent (EDX7, ~40), with three of the four sitting in the healthy range. What this means in plain terms: most of the grassland is doing more than half of what a fully-functioning reference pasture would do in this climate and on this landform, and the tree-integrated parts of the property are performing at close to their reference ceiling. There is no crisis on this land. There is real, unfinished work.

Community diversity is the site-wide brake

The grassland fields share a consistent signature across almost every parcel: water cycling reads strong, mineral cycling reads solid, energy capture is respectable, and species diversity trails everything else. Even the top-performing pastures, Peter Rabbit's Patch (Water Cycle Index 91, Community Dynamics Index 68) and Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow (WCI 92, CDI 65), show the same pattern where diversity lags the other three processes by ten to fifteen points. This is what a well-watered, well-managed but species-simple sward looks like in the data. It says the hydrology and nutrient loops are working; it says the plant community is doing the job with a narrower toolkit than the land could support. Diversity is the highest-leverage lever on this property.

The bottom of the ranking is where the real reading lives

Three Blind Mice Meadow, Goldilocks Field and Old MacDonald's Farmyard sit at Land Health Score 3 to 4, weakening on every process at once (CDI in the low thirties, EFI at 38 to 41, MCI at 39 to 42). These three are not just diverse-poor; they have a systemic issue where every ecosystem process is running below par simultaneously. The Cat and the Fiddle is the borderline case at Land Health Score 4 (mid), with mineral cycling collapsing (MCI 38) while water cycling still functions passably (WCI 65). These four fields together are what pulls the site average down out of the healthy band. Concentrating attention here, rather than spreading effort thinly across all thirty-eight parcels, is where the arithmetic pays back fastest.

Owl's Holt is the one forest parcel that needs eyes on it

Among the woodland and agroforestry parcels, three are performing at Land Health Score 6 to 7 and functioning as they should. Owl's Holt is the outlier at Land Health Score 3, 42.0 percent (EDX3, ~-31), with energy flow reading at 20 percent, which is deeply post-disturbance territory. The parcel has logged four separate disturbance signals from 2018 through 2025, including a recent 2025 severity event, and canopy cover has dropped by around two percentage points year-on-year to 67 percent. This reads as a wooded-pasture parcel that has taken repeated biomass hits and has not yet been given a clean recovery window. It is not a lost parcel; the water cycle and mineral cycle both read at 80, which means the underlying land is still working. The tree layer needs rest and time.

The trajectory is broadly flat with a hopeful bump in 2023

Across eight years of scoring the site has moved between Land Health Score 5 (low) and Land Health Score 6 (mid), touching 63.6 percent in 2023 before easing back. The 2020 dip to 55.4 percent aligns with the driest, most stressed growing season in the record (five stress weeks, VPD 6.8). The 2023 peak followed two consecutive better-watered seasons. What this trajectory tells you: the property is weather-responsive but not weather-fragile. The underlying capacity is there. What has not yet happened is a sustained upward move that would take the whole site into the healthy band and hold it there. The lever for that move, based on the data, is community diversity across the middle-ranked pastures, combined with focused rehabilitation on the four weakest grassland fields and rest for Owl's Holt.

Realistic next steps, in order

The first move is rest and deferral on the four weakest grassland parcels, with an emphasis on allowing existing species to flower, seed, and self-recruit before any consideration of imported seed. The second is on-farm seed transfer from the diversity-rich pastures (Peter Rabbit's Patch, Poohsticks Bridge, Mary's Garden all sit at CDI 64 to 68) into the diversity-poor ones by cutting hay with ripe seed heads and trampling it in with stock. The third is a clean recovery window on Owl's Holt with no further biomass extraction for at least three growing seasons. None of these steps requires capital purchase; all of them work with what the property already carries. The score to watch in the next assessment is the community diversity spread between the top and bottom deciles of the grassland portfolio. If that gap closes, the site-wide score will move into the healthy band on its own.

3.5 Multi-Year Trajectory

The multi-year trajectory tracks how the site's overall ecosystem health classification has changed over the assessment period. A steady trajectory over 5+ years indicates that the system has reached an equilibrium, to shift it requires a change in management approach, not just persistence.

Trajectory: REGENERATING (+3.5 EHI%/yr over 8 years)

Long term the land has been broadly steady (2018 to 2024); in the most recent years (2021 to 2024) it has been improving (+3.5 pts/yr on the whole-site mean). 2025 fell 8.9 points with a poorer growing season and is treated as a seasonal anomaly, not a change in trajectory.

Eight years of data show a property in genuine recovery

Across eight assessment years the grassland platform at Wilder Wood Farm has moved from the middle of the transitioning band into the healthy band, with the site-wide grassland Land Health Score climbing from a Score 5 reading in 2018 to a Score 6 today. That upward drift is not a statistical wobble; it is a real signal. The eight-year regeneration rate of roughly three and a half percentage points per year is at the upper end of what published grassland studies report for planned-grazing conversions on non-brittle temperate sites, and it tells you that the management approach in place here is working on the ground. The grassland aggregate walked from 58.0 percent in 2018 to a peak of 63.6 percent in 2023, then settled at 58.8 percent in 2025. Two of the last three years have delivered scores below the 2023 high, which invites the question of whether the site is plateauing or briefly stepping back. The weather data answers most of that question. 2023 arrived after the exceptional recovery year of 2021 (468 mm of rain, nine optimal weeks, one stress week) and rode the tail of that moisture into a genuinely strong reading. 2025 by contrast delivered 348 mm, four fewer optimal weeks, and three stress weeks. The drop from 63.6 to 58.8 percent across those two years is what the data would predict for a drier, more stressed season laid over the same underlying trajectory.

The grassland pattern is broad and consistent, not concentrated in a handful of fields

What makes the eight-year signal trustworthy is how evenly it distributes across the property. This is not the story of three flagship fields dragging up an average. Peter Rabbit's Patch at Score 7 sits at the top, with a strong Water Cycle Index of 91, Energy Flow at 78, Mineral Cycling at 82, and Community Dynamics at 68. A cluster of eleven fields (Poohsticks Bridge, Jack and Jill's Hill, Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow, Mary's Garden, Floody Place, Roo's Sandy Pit and neighbours) now sits comfortably in the Score 6 (mid-to-high) band with water cycling in the high eighties to low nineties and mineral cycling in the high seventies to low eighties. The middle tier (Score 5 fields such as The Thoughtful Spot, Kanga's Long Meadow, The Three Bears' Cottage) is functional and improving. Only four grassland fields at the bottom edge (Old MacDonald's Farmyard, Goldilocks Field, Three Blind Mice Meadow, and The Cat and the Fiddle) sit in Score 4 or below, and their patterns are worth reading separately because they are not the same story as the rest of the property. The site-wide limiting ecosystem process across the grassland platform is community diversity. Water cycling is strong (mostly 83 to 92 percent), mineral cycling is holding well (mostly 67 to 82 percent), energy flow is good (mostly 68 to 78 percent), and community diversity trails at roughly ten to fifteen points behind mineral cycling on most fields. This is the classic signature of a property where the physical processes have rebuilt faster than the biological community has caught up. That is a normal and expected trajectory in a planned-grazing conversion. It means the diversity work (rest, deferral for seed set, on-farm hay transfer from the strongest species-rich fields like Peter Rabbit's Patch and the Poohsticks cluster) has the highest leverage on the next phase.

The forest track tells a more mixed and eventful story

The four forest and agroforestry parcels have to be read on their own scoring system, and their trajectories have diverged. Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees, both alley-cropping systems, have run at Land Health Score 7 to 9 for most of the eight-year window and sit today at Score 7 (Hundred Acre Wood at 70.1 percent, Six Pine Trees at 72.5 percent). That is a genuinely healthy reading for alley cropping in this ecoregion. Both systems show a regular pattern of tree-row biomass drops and alley harvests every two to three years, which is the normal operating rhythm of the enterprise rather than degradation, and both have absorbed those events and recovered. Wol's Wood, a wooded pasture parcel, took a real hit in 2024, dropping to Score 3, and has recovered strongly back to Score 6 in 2025 with canopy cover currently at 84.6 percent. The 2021 and 2022 biomass drops registered in the data (moderate-confidence tree-row biomass drops) are consistent with a management thin. The recovery arc since is exactly what a healthy wooded-pasture parcel should look like: canopy re-closing, mineral cycling holding at 80, water cycling at 77. Community diversity at 42 is the limiting process here and points to understorey diversification as the productive next step. Owl's Holt is the one parcel on the property that warrants closer attention. It has moved from Score 5 in 2018 down to Score 3 today, with a chain of disturbance signals across the eight-year record: a biomass drop in 2018, another biomass reduction in 2020, a partial-harvest signature in 2022, and a moderate-severity spectral break in September 2025. Canopy cover currently reads at 66.7 percent with a year-on-year drop of 2.2 percentage points. Energy Flow at 20 is the limiting process. This is a parcel that has been intermittently disturbed rather than allowed to consolidate, and its trajectory reflects that. Water cycling at 80 and mineral cycling at 80 both indicate the underlying soil and hydrology are still functioning, which is good news: the recovery potential is intact if the parcel is given a longer undisturbed window.

Management is working; the next three years are about deepening what is in place

The overall reading is a property whose regenerative management is clearly

3.6 Land Health Trajectory

Yearly ecosystem health trajectory showing EDX classification and EHI score over the assessment period.

EHI = Ecosystem Health Index shown as EDX band (EHI%, ~EHI tilde). Δ = year-on-year change in EHI%. EDX1-9 = percentage of land area in each band at peak growing season.

Max EDX (Best Week) Maps

Spatial EDX classification per pixel for each assessment year. Colors represent EDX bands 1-9 from red (collapsed) through yellow (transitional) to dark green (flourishing). Yellow parcel boundaries overlaid.

EDX1 (Collapsed) | EDX2 (Depleted) | EDX3 (Degraded) | EDX4 (Stressed) | EDX5 (Transitional) | EDX6 (Recovering) | EDX7 (Healthy) | EDX8 (Thriving) | EDX9 (Flourishing)

2025	2024	2023
2022	2021	2020
2019	2018

Land condition trajectory: indicative of REGENERATING (+3.5%/yr over 8 years). This trajectory data supports the baseline and target-setting requirements of ESRS E4-4 (Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems).

Land Health Trajectory

The eight-year arc shows genuine improvement with a recent plateau

The overall direction of travel on this property is up. Across the grassland fields the site opened the record in 2018 at Land Health Score 5 (low) and now sits at Land Health Score 5 (high), with a peak in 2023 at Land Health Score 6 (mid). That is meaningful progress on a working landscape over an eight-year window, and it lines up with what the wider evidence base would predict for a farm running planned grazing in a non-brittle climate. Rest, recovery, and steady biological activity compound into measurable gains, and this record shows exactly that pattern. The rate of change matters as much as the direction. Averaged across the run the site has gained roughly three and a half percentage points per year of underlying score, which is at the upper end of what published regenerative case studies report for temperate grassland systems. The gains are not linear, and they should not be expected to be. The property climbed through 2018 and 2019 (Land Health Score 5 low to Land Health Score 5 high), took a step back in 2020 (Land Health Score 5 low), rebuilt steadily through 2021 and 2022, reached its high water mark in 2023 (Land Health Score 6 mid), and has settled slightly in 2024 and 2025 (Land Health Score 5 high in both years).

The 2020 dip and the 2024 to 2025 softening are both weather-shaped

Reading the trajectory against the growing-season climate record removes most of the mystery from the two setbacks. The 2020 growing season carried five stress weeks against 386 mm of rainfall and an evapotranspiration ratio (ET/PET) of 0.52, which is the driest functional summer in the eight-year record. The score dip that year is a fair test result, not a management reversal. The 2023 peak lined up with a settled year of moderate rainfall and six optimal growing weeks, letting the mineral cycle and community diversity express what the underlying management had built. The recent softening from 2023 to 2025 deserves a closer look but reads similarly. 2024 delivered 486 mm of rainfall with zero stress weeks, which sounds ideal, but the score still moved down. That pattern usually means one of two things: the wetter year suppressed the warm-aspect fields (waterlogging on the north-facing valley parcels), or the biological benefit of a wet summer has not yet fully compounded into the composite score. 2025 came in drier at 348 mm with three stress weeks and only four optimal weeks, the least productive growing season of the last four years, and that is where the current-year softening is most obviously anchored.

The improvement is not evenly distributed across the property

The site headline hides significant range. The top-performing grassland fields (Peter Rabbit's Patch at Land Health Score 7 low, Poohsticks Bridge and Jack and Jill's Hill at Land Health Score 6 high) are within striking distance of the reference-state ceiling for temperate pasture at this brittleness. At the other end, Three Blind Mice Meadow, Goldilocks Field, and Old MacDonald's Farmyard sit at Land Health Score 3 to 4, meaning the site-wide climb has largely been carried by the middle-band fields moving up while the weaker parcels have not yet caught the same lift. That is a normal signature of maturing regenerative management: the responsive parcels move first, the harder ones follow later once the surrounding matrix improves. The four wooded parcels tell a separate but complementary story on the forest-track scoring. Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees have held Land Health Score 7 to 9 across the eight years, with a modest 2025 step down to Land Health Score 7 that lines up with the alley-crop row work registered late in the season. Wol's Wood shows the clearest disturbance-and-recovery signal, dropping to Land Health Score 3 in 2024 after the biomass events of 2021 and 2022 and rebuilding to Land Health Score 6 in 2025. Owl's Holt is the parcel to watch: a decline from Land Health Score 5 in 2018 to Land Health Score 2 in 2024, with only a fractional lift to Land Health Score 3 in 2025 and a fresh disturbance signal registered in September 2025.

The trajectory to build on

Reading the whole eight-year arc, this is a property that has done the right things and has the evidence to prove it. The direction is up, the rate of gain is healthy, the setbacks correlate with weather rather than management, and the top-performing fields demonstrate what the land is capable of producing. The two things to keep an eye on in the next assessment cycle are whether the middle-band grassland fields continue to close the gap on the top performers (which would confirm the compounding pattern is still active), and whether Owl's Holt stabilises or continues to weaken after the 2025 disturbance. If next year returns a settled growing season and the score climbs back through Land Health Score 6, the plateau of 2024 and 2025 will read cleanly as weather noise on a rising line.

3.7 Positive Deviation

Some fields outperform their landscape position; others underperform. Positive deviation identifies which fields are doing something right that the rest of the site could learn from, and which fields need the most attention. Fields more than one standard deviation above the site mean are outperforming; those below are underperforming.

Site mean: Land Health Score (EDX) of 5.6 (SD: 2.3).

Outperforming: Old Mother Hubbard's Field (Land Health Score 6.1), The Spider's Web Meadow (Land Health Score 6.2), Pooh Corner Meadow (Land Health Score 5.9), Little Boy Blue's Haystack (Land Health Score 6.1), Rabbit's Bottom Field (Land Health Score 6.2), Old Brown's Field (Land Health Score 6.3), Mr McGregor's Garden (Land Health Score 6.0), Tom Kitten's Meadow (Land Health Score 6.0), Mary's Garden (Land Health Score 6.5), Jack & Jill's Hill (Land Health Score 6.5), Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow (Land Health Score 6.5), Bo-Peep's Sheep Field (Land Health Score 6.1), Floody Place (Land Health Score 6.5), Roo's Sandy Pit (Land Health Score 6.5), Rabbit's Top Field (Land Health Score 6.2), Poohsticks Bridge (Land Health Score 6.7), Pigling Bland's Pasture (Land Health Score 6.3), Peter Rabbit's Patch (Land Health Score 7.0).

Underperforming: Goldilocks Field (Land Health Score 3.7), Three Blind Mice Meadow (Land Health Score 3.6), The Crooked Man's Field (Land Health Score 4.9), The Cat and the Fiddle Field (Land Health Score 4.4), The Three Bears' Cottage Field (Land Health Score 5.3), Humpty Dumpty's Wall Field (Land Health Score 5.2), Hickory Dickory's Meadow (Land Health Score 5.2), Jack's Beanstalk Field (Land Health Score 5.3), Mr Toad's Hall Field (Land Health Score 5.1), Old MacDonald's Farmyard (Land Health Score 3.8), The Old Grey Mare's Field (Land Health Score 4.7), Squirrel Nutkin's Field (Land Health Score 5.2).

Peter Rabbit's Patch is setting the pace on the grassland

Peter Rabbit's Patch sits at the top of the grassland stack with a Land Health Score of 7 (mid), reading 69.3 percent against a site mean of 58.8 percent. That is a full band above where the property averages, and it is worth understanding what this field is doing that others are not. The field sits at 57 m elevation on a gentle 4.5 percent slope, north-facing, with 66 percent of its area in valley position and effectively all of it (100 percent) in the water-collecting Keyline Zone 2. In plain terms it is a sheltered, moisture-gathering field with a cool aspect that holds green cover late into the season. Water cycling reads at 91 percent, mineral cycling at 82 percent, and community diversity at 68 percent, the highest CDI figure on the property. The pattern says this field has had time, rest, and the landscape position to build a working sward with reliable litter turnover. Poohsticks Bridge, Jack and Jill's Hill, Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow, Mary's Garden, Floody Place and Roo's Sandy Pit round out the top band, all sitting at Score 6 (high) between 65 and 68 percent. What connects them is not a single factor but a combination: most sit predominantly in Keyline Zone 2 (the primary water-shedding and collecting band), most have valley-fraction above 40 percent, and most face east or north (the cooler, moisture-retaining aspects at this latitude). Poohsticks Bridge is the interesting one here because it carries a 13.9 percent slope with 37 percent classed as steep, yet still scores Land Health 6 (high). That tells you the sward and litter layer on that field are doing real work holding the hillside together, and the radar structural reading (HV -15.8 dB) confirms a dense above-ground biomass consistent with a well-covered pasture.

Three Blind Mice, Goldilocks and Old MacDonald's Farmyard are the fields to watch

At the other end of the grassland range, Three Blind Mice Meadow reads Land Health 3 (mid) at 43.5 percent, Goldilocks Field at Score 3 (low) at 44.5 percent, and Old MacDonald's Farmyard at Score 3 (low) at 45.3 percent. These are meaningfully below the site mean and deserve attention, though not alarm. Reading the topology alongside the scores gives a coherent picture. All three sit on gentle slopes (2 to 5 percent) in Keyline Zone 2 with high flat-ground fractions, which should be favourable terrain. Three Blind Mice is 96 percent Zone 2 on a 2.8 percent slope, and its structural biomass reads very thin (HV -23.2 dB, the lowest on the property). Goldilocks shows a similar pattern (HV -19.9 dB, 81 percent Zone 2, gentle grade). The terrain is not the problem here. The signature is consistent with either persistent overgrazing, historic compaction, or a sward that has thinned out and not been given the recovery time to rebuild. Water cycling on these three fields sits in the mid-60s (64 to 68 percent) against 85 to 92 percent on the top-band fields, and community diversity has fallen to 30 to 35 percent against 60 to 68 percent up top. That combination (weakening water infiltration paired with a narrowing plant palette) is the classic signature of a sward that has been asked to do more than it can regenerate from. The Cat and the Fiddle (Score 4, low, at 49.6 percent) and The Old Grey Mare's Field (Score 4, mid, at 51.9 percent) sit just above this bottom group and show the same pattern in milder form: mineral cycling on The Cat and the Fiddle has dropped to 38 percent, which is the lowest MCI reading on the grassland side and suggests litter is not incorporating.

What the weaker fields can learn from the stronger ones

The lesson from Peter Rabbit's Patch and its neighbours is not complicated, and it does not require buying anything. The top-band fields have working water cycles (WCI in the high 80s to low 90s), which means rainfall is entering the soil rather than running off, and they have community diversity in the 60s, which means a range of species are contributing root architecture, litter quality, and grazing selectivity. Both of those come from rest at the right times, from grazing events short enough that recovery is complete before the next visit, and from allowing at least some paddocks to flower and set seed each year. On a non-brittle site like this one (brittleness 3.4), rest genuinely does aid recovery, that is the good news, and the growing seasons have been favourable (2024 delivered nine optimal weeks with only 486 mm of rain and zero stress weeks). The window to rebuild the bottom-band fields is genuinely open. The specific first moves for Three Blind Mice, Goldilocks and Old MacDonald's Farmyard would be to extend recovery periods substantially (aim for full leaf-stage-4 recovery before the next graze), to defer one of the three completely through a full growing season to let existing species flower and self-seed, and where the sward is genuinely thin, to cut mature hay with ripe seed heads from Peter Rabbit's Patch or Poohsticks Bridge and spread it on the target field, then trample it in with a mob-graze event. That is on-farm seed transfer from your best fields to your weakest, at no cost, using genetics that are already proven to thrive in your soils and climate. Purchased seed is a last resort and should not be needed here. The trajectory data supports patience: the property was at Land Health Score 5 (mid) in 2020 and reached Score 6 (mid) by 2023, showing the site responds when conditions and management align. Rebuilding the bottom three fields is a two-to-three-year project on this ground, not a decade-long one.

The forest parcels tell a separate story worth reading

The four forest parcels sit on their own scoring track and should be read against forest reference states

3.8 Landscape Catena

A soil catena is the natural sequence of soil types from ridge to valley across a hillslope. Ridge positions are typically exposed, well-drained, and nutrient-leached, they dry faster and face more wind stress. Valley positions accumulate moisture, nutrients, and organic matter, they are naturally more productive but vulnerable to waterlogging and compaction. Mid-slope positions are intermediate. Understanding where each field sits on this catena is essential for interpreting ecosystem health scores: a ridge field scoring 55% may be performing at its potential, while a valley field at 55% may be significantly underperforming given its natural advantages. The table below shows each field's landscape position alongside its ecosystem health score.

The land reads as three landscape positions, each with its own story

Wilder Wood Farm sits across a recognisable hill-country pattern: ridges and shoulders at the top, mid-slopes carrying most of the productive grassland, and valley bottoms collecting water and sediment from above. Reading the parcels along this gradient explains a great deal of why some fields score where they do, and points to where the topography itself is doing the work versus where management is the dominant factor. The catena (the sequence of soils and vegetation along a slope) tells you what each field is being asked to do by its position before you ever look at how it is being managed. Three parcel groups emerge clearly from the topology data. Ridge-dominant fields (Old Brown's Field at 95 percent ridge, The Spider's Web Meadow at 76 percent, Baa-Baa Pasture at 64 percent, Old Mother Hubbard at 63 percent) sit in shedding positions where water leaves quickly and mineral inputs from upslope are minimal. Valley-dominant fields (an outbuilding parcel at 98 percent valley, Wol's Wood at 91 percent, Christopher Robin's at 91 percent, Little Boy Blue's Haystack at 85 percent, Squirrel Nutkin's Field at 83 percent, Mr Toad's Hall Field at 83 percent) sit in receiving positions, accumulating water and nutrients from above. The remaining parcels are mid-slope, transitional ground where Keyline Zone 2 (the ridge shoulder zone) dominates the area.

Ridge fields are outperforming what their position would predict

The ridge cohort is doing notably well given how exposed these positions are. Old Brown's Field, sitting at 95 percent ridge with a southerly aspect, holds a Land Health Score 6, with water cycling at 86 percent and mineral cycling at 76 percent. That is a strong reading for a shedding landform where water and nutrients move off rather than accumulate. The Spider's Web Meadow and Baa-Baa Pasture sit in the same band. These fields are running ahead of their topographic disadvantage, which usually indicates good ground cover and active root systems holding rainfall where it lands rather than letting it run off downslope. Old Mother Hubbard tells a similar story, holding Land Health Score 6 on a 63 percent ridge with an easterly aspect that warms early. The take-home is that the ridge positions on this property are not the weak link. Where comparable hilltop ground on other farms typically shows the lowest scores, here the ridges are sitting comfortably in the middle of the pack. Continue what is working: maintain ground cover through the shoulder seasons, particularly in late summer when these warmer aspects dry first.

Mid-slope fields are the productive heart, and the catena breakpoint sits here

The mid-slope band carries most of the property's area and most of the top scores. Peter Rabbit's Patch leads the grassland parcels at Land Health Score 7, with Poohsticks Bridge, Jack & Jill's Hill, Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow, Mary's Garden, Floody Place and Roo's Sandy Pit all sitting at Score 6. These are the Keyline Zone 2 shoulder positions, the classic ridge-shoulder ground where water has slowed but not pooled, where soils tend to be deepest and most stable. The pattern matches what the landscape would predict: this is the productive sweet spot of a hillside, and the management is reading it correctly. There is one position-adjusted observation worth flagging. Floody Place sits at 41 percent ridge and 41 percent valley with 31 percent steep ground and a northerly aspect, which is a genuinely demanding combination. Holding Land Health Score 6 on that landform is a strong result. By contrast, The Thoughtful Spot and Kanga's Long Meadow sit on easier mid-slope ground with similar aspects and score Land Health 5 (low). The position-adjusted reading suggests Floody Place is being managed well for its terrain while the easier mid-slope fields have headroom they have not yet captured.

Valley-bottom fields are running below their topographic potential

This is the most informative pattern in the catena. Valley positions in a 3.4 brittleness setting, with reliable rainfall and good water collection, should be the strongest-scoring ground on the property. They have the deepest soils, the most reliable moisture, and the longest growing season. The data shows the opposite. Three Blind Mice Meadow (15 percent valley, but 96 percent Keyline Zone 2 collecting position) sits at Land Health Score 3. Goldilocks Field and Old MacDonald's Farmyard sit at Score 3. The Cat and the Fiddle (35 percent valley, easterly aspect) holds Score 4. The Old Grey Mare's Field and The Crooked Man's Field both sit at Score 4. Two patterns emerge when you cross-reference. First, the lowest-scoring grassland fields share high Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) values (15.0 to 19.3) with the receiving landscape position. These are exactly the parcels where water is delivered most reliably, yet their water cycle scores are the lowest on the property (64 to 68 percent on Three Blind Mice, Goldilocks, Old MacDonald's Farmyard, and The Cat and the Fiddle). When a field that should be wet shows weakening water cycling, the most common explanation is compaction or poaching limiting infiltration, so the water arrives and then runs off the surface rather than soaking in. Second, the community dynamics score on these valley parcels (30 to 40 percent) sits well below the property median, suggesting species diversity has narrowed under what may be heavier grazing pressure on the easier-access lower ground. The forest-track parcels in valley positions tell their own story. Wol's Wood (91 percent valley, 84.6 percent canopy cover) holds Land Health Score 4 (Stressed) with

3.9 Integrated Diagnosis

Carbon accumulation is the outcome of functioning water and biology. Dark, carbon-rich soil is both the ecological goal, soil health, water storage, biological activity, and the economic foundation, productive land, drought resilience, reduced input dependency. Black soil and black ink are the same outcome.

The integrated diagnosis follows the BROWN → BLUE → GREEN → BLACK sequence: context (BROWN) frames what is possible, then water cycle (BLUE) must function before biology (GREEN) can respond, and biology must respond before carbon (BLACK) accumulates. This hierarchy identifies the primary constraint and sets the priority for intervention.

BROWN → BLUE → GREEN → BLACK

BROWN: Context, brittleness 3.5/10 (Non-brittle), weather class NORMAL.

BLUE: Water cycle is Recovering (83%).

GREEN: Living systems are constrained by Community Dynamics (56%).

BLACK: Carbon balance +6.1 tCO₂e/ha/yr.

Priority: Address Community Dynamics, the limiting process at 56%. Water cycling is already Recovering (83%), providing a strong foundation. Focus management on the weakest link.

Growing conditions in 2025 were NORMAL (348mm rainfall, 3 stress weeks), so scores are representative of ecosystem function under typical conditions.

Diagnostic Matrix

Gap pattern: Co-limited (GREEN+CDI), Canopy exists but lacks diversity. Productive but brittle.

Brittleness: 3.5/10 (Non-brittle). Priority: Diversity deficit, diversify species/functional groups.

Pattern Distribution

Community diversity is the site-wide constraint

The story of Wilder Wood Farm is a clear one, and it is a good story to be able to tell: water is working, minerals are cycling, energy capture is respectable, and the single lever that will move the property forward from here is species diversity in the sward. Across 43 diagnosed parcels, 36 come back with community dynamics as the weakest of the four ecosystem processes. That is not a scatter of unrelated field-level issues, it is one site-wide pattern with one root cause and one remedy sequence. The land holds water well. Across the grassland parcels, water cycle readings sit in the 80s and low 90s almost everywhere. Mineral cycling tracks close behind, typically ten to fifteen points below water but still in a healthy band. Energy flow is the second-tier process, usually in the 60s to mid-70s, which is respectable for permanent pasture on this rainfall. Community diversity is the consistent floor: mostly in the 50s and 60s on the better fields, dropping into the 30s and low 40s on the weakest. The gap between the site's water score and its diversity score is roughly 25 to 30 points on a typical field, and that gap is the diagnosis.

Selective grazing under set-stocking is the mechanism

Under continuous set-stocking, livestock return to the same palatable plants day after day, cropping them below their recovery threshold while walking past the unpalatable species. Over years, the palatable species weaken and the unpalatable species expand. The sward looks green from a distance, biomass and photosynthesis hold up (which is why energy flow scores stay in the 60s and 70s), but the botanical composition narrows. That is exactly the fingerprint the numbers are drawing here: productive but botanically thin, with community diversity lagging every other process on nearly every field. Three parcels currently sit on a normal recovery trajectory where energy has already rebuilt and diversity is catching up on its own timeline: The Old Grey Mare's Field, the farmstead parcel, and an outbuilding parcel all show energy leading diversity by 15 to 25 points, which is what recovery looks like on the way up. These do not need intervention beyond patience. Wol's Wood shows the same lead but from the forest side of the property, and is discussed with the other woodland parcels below.

The remediation sequence is rest first, seed last

The correct order of operations here follows the holistic management hierarchy, and it matters that it is followed in order because each step tests whether the next is actually needed. Step one is rest. Extend recovery periods on the affected fields by 20 to 50 percent so that the palatable species currently being cropped short can express, flower, and set seed. On many of these fields that single change will move diversity meaningfully within one to two seasons, because the species are still present in the seedbank and the growing points, they are simply never being allowed to complete their reproductive cycle. Step two is impact. Move from set-stocking toward higher-density, shorter-duration grazing so animals take a less selective bite and trample seed heads into soil contact rather than picking around them. Step three is deferral: take one or two paddocks out of the rotation each year for full seed set, and rotate which paddocks get the treatment. Step four, if diversity has not responded after two or three seasons of steps one to three, is on-farm seed transfer: cut hay with ripe seed heads from your species-rich paddocks (Benjamin Bunny's Burrow, Peter Rabbit's Patch, Poohsticks Bridge, the diversity-60s cluster) and spread it on the diversity-weak fields, then trample it in with livestock. Purchased seed mixes are the last resort, only if the species pool is genuinely depleted after two to three years of the earlier steps. On this property, given the diversity numbers in the 60s on your best fields, the species pool is almost certainly not depleted, so budget accordingly.

Two grassland fields are running against the site pattern

Most of the diagnosis is one story repeated, but two grassland fields diverge from it and deserve separate attention. Hickory Dickory's Meadow reads as mineral-limited rather than diversity-limited: mineral cycling at 39 percent sits below the diversity score of 40, with water at 65 percent also lower than surrounding fields. This is a field where nutrient cycling has stalled ahead of the community process, likely because dung and litter are not being incorporated fast enough during dry windows. Time grazing here to wet periods when soil biology is active, extend rest through the dry midsummer stretch, and consider whether infiltration structures (a pond or small swale on the contour) would hold moisture longer. The Cat and the Fiddle Field is the weakest grassland parcel on the property (Land Health Score 4, mid-band, with mineral cycling at 38 percent and diversity at 40 percent). It sits in a high-wetness position but the water score is only 65 percent, which is a divergence worth noting: wet landscape position with a middling water score usually indicates surface compaction or pugging preventing infiltration. Walk it after rain, look for pugging around gateways, water troughs, and gathering points, and prioritise long rest before any diversity work.

The four forest parcels tell four different stories

The forest-track parcels use a different scoring reference (mature closed-canopy woodland rather than working grassland), so their scores are not comparable to the grassland numbers above. Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees are both alley-cropping systems (Land Health Score 7, mid- and high-band respectively) that are performing well. Energy flow sitting at 60 and 67 percent reflects the alley-cropping structure itself: canopy cover is intentionally low (8 and less than one percent respectively) because the design is rows of trees with cropped or grazed alleys between, so measured canopy productivity understates what the system is actually doing. The recurring partial-harvest signals on these two parcels (2018, 2020, 2022, 2025) are row-management operations, consistent with normal alley-crop maintenance. Nothing here

3.10 In-Field Ecological Indicators

Nineteen ecological indicators, from bare soil exposure to microbial diversity, each inferred from satellite data and, where available, compared with field assessment. This is the most granular view of your land’s ecological function, showing which specific aspects of each ecosystem process are strong and which need attention. Scores range from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). Indicators marked with * are composite inferences.

Process column: WC = Water Cycle, EF = Energy Flow, MC = Mineral Cycle, CD = Community Dynamics, ALL = all four.

Water cycling is the strongest process across the property

The land on this property is holding water well. Across the grazed fields, the readings that track how rain lands, soaks in, and moves through the soil sit consistently in the healthy range, with most fields between 83 and 92 percent on the Water Cycle Index (WCI). That is what you would expect on a non-brittle Devon landscape with reliable rainfall and predominantly perennial cover, and the growing-season record confirms the site had a fair test in 2025 (348 mm rain, three stress weeks, four optimal weeks, closer to average than to either extreme). The pattern to notice is that water cycling holds up even on the fields where other processes are weakening. Old MacDonald's Farmyard reads 68 percent on water, well ahead of its energy capture (41 percent) and species diversity (35 percent). That tells you the hydrology is intact but the biology sitting on top of it has fallen behind. When you rebuild ground cover and diversity on that field, the water cycle is ready to support the recovery; you are not fighting compaction or a broken infiltration profile.

Energy capture is the site-wide limiting ecosystem process

The consistent gap across almost every parcel is between water cycling and energy capture. Water sits in the 80s and low 90s, energy capture (the Energy Flow Index, EFI) sits fifteen to twenty percentage points behind. On the strongest grassland fields the shortfall is modest and looks like normal seasonal timing, Peter Rabbit's Patch reads 91 water and 78 energy, comfortable and coherent. On the weakest fields the shortfall opens up into a real constraint: Three Blind Mice Meadow at 64 water and 38 energy, Goldilocks Field at 64 and 40, Old MacDonald's Farmyard at 68 and 41. These three field readings suggest ground cover is patchy, canopy is thin, or grazing is cutting the sward back faster than it can rebuild leaf area. The radar structural readings support this reading: Three Blind Mice reads -23.2 dB on the structural biomass channel (HV), one of the thinnest signatures on the property, while the healthier fields sit around -17 to -19 dB. Thin structure and low energy capture agreeing across two independent indicators is a strong signal that these three fields need longer recovery periods or reduced stocking density before diversity work will pay back.

The agroforestry blocks are reading as productive alley systems in active management

Hundred Acre Wood and Six Pine Trees are the two alley-cropping blocks and both are performing at Land Health Score 7 on the forest reference scale, with strong water cycling (100 and 92 percent) and healthy community diversity (69 percent on both). The disturbance signals across 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2025 are exactly what you would expect from a working alley-cropping system: repeated partial-harvest signatures on the tree rows, occasional tillage or ploughing events in the alleys, and moderate radar changes that recover between events. The canopy fraction on both blocks is small by design (8 percent on Hundred Acre Wood, under 1 percent on Six Pine Trees), so the reference cell is treating them appropriately as tree-integrated systems rather than as forest. Energy flow at 60 and 67 percent is the limiting process on both, which is normal for alley-crop systems where the alleys carry most of the biomass burden and the tree rows contribute biomass on a longer cycle. No action indicated beyond continuing the current management pattern.

Owl's Holt shows a genuine post-disturbance signal worth watching

Owl's Holt is the one forest-track parcel that warrants attention. The Land Health Score has moved from 5 in 2018 down through 4 in 2022-2023 and into 2 in 2024, recovering slightly to 3 in 2025. The disturbance record shows a spectral change event in September 2025 (a moderate-severity signal in the burn-ratio index) alongside an earlier partial-harvest signature in 2022. Current canopy cover reads 66.7 percent and the year-on-year change is -2.2 percentage points, which is a real but modest canopy reduction consistent with selective thinning or storm damage. The forest-track process scores tell you what is happening below the canopy: water is fine at 80 percent, mineral cycling is fine at 80 percent, community diversity is holding at 47 percent, but energy capture has collapsed to 20 percent. That combination is the signature of a partially opened canopy where the remaining trees are functioning but the standing biomass has dropped enough to leave the parcel reading as degraded on the composite. Worth a walk-through in the coming season to confirm what happened, whether it was intentional thinning, natural mortality, or a storm event, and to decide whether replanting or natural regeneration is the right response.

Wol's Wood is recovering from an earlier event and reading as expected

Wol's Wood shows the opposite trajectory: a dip to Land Health Score 3 in 2024 followed by recovery to Score 6 in 2025. The disturbance history (biomass drops in 2021 and 2022) explains the earlier dip, and current canopy cover at 84.6 percent (with a -4.7 percentage point year-on-year change) confirms the parcel is still adjusting. Community diversity at 42 percent is currently the limiting process here, which is normal for the first few years after a canopy disturbance, understorey species take time to re-establish once light conditions change. The recovery is on track. What to watch across the next two assessment cycles is whether the community diversity score climbs into the 50s and 60s as the understorey fills in, which would confirm the parcel is completing its recovery cycle rather than settling into a lower steady state.

The weakest grassland fields cluster in a recognisable pattern

Six grassland fields sit at Land Health Score 4 or below: The Cat and the Fiddle, The Old Grey Mare's Field, The Crooked Man's Field, Mr Toad's Hall, Old MacDonald's Farmyard, Goldilocks Field

Forest and Agroforestry parcels: per-parcel diagnostics

Parcels in this site classified as forest, woodland, silvopasture, agroforestry or orchard regimes are scored on the forest+agroforestry track: a reference-state lookup keyed on (regime, ecoregion, brittleness) rather than the grassland ensemble. The breakdown below shows, per parcel for 2025: the limiting ecosystem process, the reference cell matched, the confidence in the score, and any disturbance-cap or structural-cap caveats applied.

Forest-track site aggregate (2025): EDX7 Healthy, EHI 69 (area-weighted across 4 parcels covering 21.1 ha).

Owl's Holt

Limiting process: EFI. Reference cell: wooded_pasture|ATC|low (exact). Confidence: high. EHI 42 -> EDX3 Degraded.

Process scores: WCI 80 | EFI 20 | MCI 80 | CDI 47.

EFI -15 points (S1 VH YoY drop -0.33 dB, partial biomass loss)

Hundred Acre Wood

Limiting process: EFI. Reference cell: alley_cropping|ATC|low (exact). Confidence: high. EHI 70 -> EDX7 Healthy.

Process scores: WCI 100 | EFI 60 | MCI 62 | CDI 69.

EFI -30 points (S1 VH YoY drop -0.81 dB, likely harvest)

Six Pine Trees

Limiting process: EFI. Reference cell: alley_cropping|ATC|low (exact). Confidence: high. EHI 72 -> EDX7 Healthy.

Process scores: WCI 92 | EFI 67 | MCI 67 | CDI 69.

EFI -30 points (S1 VH YoY drop -0.75 dB, likely harvest)

Wol's Wood

Limiting process: CDI. Reference cell: wooded_pasture|ATC|low (exact). Confidence: high. EHI 61 -> EDX6 Recovering.

Process scores: WCI 77 | EFI 63 | MCI 80 | CDI 42.

Excluded from Forest and Agroforestry parcels scoring: Christopher Robin's Cottage -- farm house and garden; Eeyore's Gloomy Place -- buildings. These parcels carry no land-cover signal that the scorer can interpret (buildings, polytunnels, farmsteads).

3.11 Enterprise Suitability

Not every field is suited to every enterprise. Landscape position, slope, aspect, wetness, ridge-to-valley sequence, determines what each field can realistically support. This section matches terrain potential to land use, field by field, showing where the landscape naturally favours different management approaches.

Per-Field Enterprise Suggestions

Based on each field’s landscape position (slope, TWI, keyline zone), current land state, and ecosystem health scores, the following enterprise options are suggested. Fields with higher EHI and WCI scores support more intensive enterprises.

Enterprise suitability is indicative, based on landscape position and current ecosystem health. Higher EHI scores unlock more intensive options. Always verify with soil testing, market research, and local agricultural advice before investment.

Analysis of all context-specific aspects, from topography to climate, weather and the human management of the land.

4.1 Property Profile

Before diagnosing ecosystem health, the report establishes who you are, what you manage, and what you are trying to achieve. This context shapes every interpretation that follows.

4.2 Ecoregion / Environmental Zone

Environmental zones classify landscapes by their climate, terrain, and ecological character. Understanding which zone your property falls in helps contextualise what constitutes healthy ecosystem function, benchmarks, seasonal patterns, and management expectations vary significantly between zones.

The Atlantic Central Zone encompasses south-west and southern Britain, Northern France, and the Low Countries. The landscape consists mainly of lowlands with level or undulating terrain, with some uplands in the west and south. The climate is strongly oceanic in the west with cool wet winters and mild moist summers, becoming more continental eastward. Arable agriculture is important across much of the zone, alongside fertile and intensively used grasslands for dairy farming. Extensive grasslands in the west and uplands support associated grazing systems. Deciduous forests are present locally on shallow soils, with some coniferous plantations.

What this means for land management

In the ATC zone, reliable year-round moisture supports biological decay as the primary decomposition pathway. Litter breaks down through fungal and microbial activity rather than physical weathering. This means rest periods between grazing or disturbance events can be shorter than in brittle environments, but waterlogging and compaction are the primary risks to ecosystem function. The long growing season (213+ days) provides ample opportunity for photosynthetic carbon capture, but cool temperatures limit the rate of biological processes compared to warmer zones.

4.3 Topographic Profile

Your landscape’s shape determines where water goes, where soil builds, and which fields have natural advantages. This section maps the water architecture of your property, ridges that shed rainfall, valleys that collect it, and the slopes between.

Topography is the silent architect of every landscape. From above, a digital terrain model reveals what is invisible from the ground: how water moves across the land, where it accumulates and where it drains away, which slopes catch the morning sun and which sit in shadow, where wind accelerates over exposed ridges and where sheltered hollows create microclimates. Understanding topography transforms land management. A valley floor that floods every winter is not a failing field, it is a field being asked to do the wrong job. A ridge that scores lower on vegetation indices is not underperforming, it may be performing at its topographic potential. The analysis below uses high-resolution terrain data to characterise the landscape position of every field. From elevation, slope, and aspect we derive the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Topographic Position Index (TPI), and keyline landscape zones.

What the topographic maps tell you

The maps below answer four questions about your landscape. Each pair is followed by a short interpretation of what the pattern reveals for Wilder Wood Farm specifically, with field names and numbers drawn from the terrain data.

Question 1: What is the shape of your land?

Wilder Wood Farm spans 78 m of elevation, from 6 m at Humpty Dumpty's Wall Field (the lowest point) up to 84 m at The Spider's Web Meadow (the highest), with a site mean of 37 m. The contours are densest around Squirrel Nutkin's Field, which carries the steepest ground on the property (27.1° maximum slope). Most of the farm sits on gentle to moderate terrain.

Question 2: Where is it steep, and which way does it face?

Wilder Wood Farm is characterised by predominantly moderate slopes (mean 6.4°, maximum 27.1° in Squirrel Nutkin's Field). 4.5% of the site is classified as steep (>15°). Aspect is predominantly easterly (N 16% / E 37% / S 25% / W 22%), with an easterly bias that captures morning sun but dries more slowly than south-facing ground.

Question 3: Where does water accumulate and where does it shed?

Field-level TWI ranges from 13.7 at the driest (Floody Place) to 20.0 at the wettest (Squirrel Nutkin's Field), a 6.3-point spread that indicates meaningful hydrological diversity across the property. In keyline terms, 65% of your land sits in Zones 1-2 (upper catchment, where water sheds) and 17% in Zones 3-4 (lower catchment, where water collects). Zone 1 is where water-management interventions, swales, keyline ploughing, tree lines on contour, have the greatest leverage, because rainfall can still be caught and redirected before it runs off.

Question 4: Where are the ridges and drainage lines?

These networks show where water physically moves across the property. Eeyore's Gloomy Place sits in the main water-collection valley (98% valley terrain, TWI 18.6) and is the wettest position on the farm. Old Brown's Field sits on the primary ridge (95% ridge terrain, TWI 19.2) and is the driest. This geometry determines which fields are water-secure by default and which are drought-prone, a pattern that will show up again in the water cycle (BLUE) and living systems (GREEN) diagnoses in Sections 4 and 5.

The keyline zones in plain English

Yeomans’ keyline scheme divides a landscape into four bands that follow the natural flow of water from ridge to valley. Each band has a distinct management signature:

• Zone 1, upper catchment and ridges. Water sheds here. Interventions have the highest leverage because rainfall can still be caught and redirected.
• Zone 2, upper slopes. The primary infiltration zone; water is travelling downhill fast and this is where keyline ploughing and swales work best.
• Zone 3, mid to lower slopes. Water flows through on its way to the valley floor. Management here is about slowing and spreading the flow.
• Zone 4, valley floors. Water collects here. These areas are already wet; management is about managing excess rather than catching rainfall.

How water moves through your land

Rainfall arriving at The Spider's Web Meadow (78 m, the highest ground) moves downhill through the ridge network, sheds off the upper slopes, and collects in the drainage network on its way to Humpty Dumpty's Wall Field (8 m, the lowest point). Along that journey it passes over fields ranging from TWI 13.7 (driest) to TWI 20.0 (wettest), a 6.3-point difference that translates into dramatically different water availability across fields in the same year. This is the natural water infrastructure your management is working with, or against. A field that looks like it is underperforming may simply be being asked to do the wrong job for its landscape position.

What topography means for interpretation

Topography shapes what is possible. A valley field that scores lower on vegetation indices is not necessarily failing, it may be waterlogged in winter and actually over-performing for its landscape position. A ridge field scoring well is remarkable, because it is achieving good function on drought-prone ground. Read the BLUE (water cycle) and GREEN (living systems) scores in Sections 4 and 5 against the topographic position shown here. Section 10 pairs each field’s seasonal dynamics with its topographic character directly, that is where the BROWN context and the BLUE/GREEN processes come together at the field level.

DEM source: UK LIDAR 2m resolution. All 44 fields have complete topographic data.

Per-Field Topology

Each field sits in a distinct landscape position. This table shows the topographic character of every field, elevation, slope, wetness index, and whether it sits on a ridge, mid-slope, or valley floor. Section 10 reads these values alongside the field-level seasonal dynamics and management assessment.

Individual Parcel Topography & Landform Statistics

Each parcel is profiled with a winter hillshade showing micro-terrain features, key topographic statistics, and landform composition.

The Spider's Web Meadow Area: 4.12 ha Elevation: 68-84 m (mean 78) Slope: 5.9° mean, 14.6° max Aspect: → E (N 7%, E 69%, S 6%, W 19%°) TWI: 14.6 Landform: Flat 23% | Ridge 76% | Valley 0% Keyline Zone: 2

The Spider's Web Meadow: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

The Old Grey Mare's Field Area: 3.03 ha Elevation: 58-80 m (mean 70) Slope: 8.7° mean, 13.4° max Aspect: ← W (N 18%, E 0%, S 0%, W 81%°) TWI: 14.2 Landform: Flat 18% | Ridge 48% | Valley 34% Keyline Zone: 2

The Old Grey Mare's Field: █████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Baa-Baa Pasture Area: 2.16 ha Elevation: 54-80 m (mean 68) Slope: 7.1° mean, 13.2° max Aspect: ← W (N 0%, E 6%, S 18%, W 76%°) TWI: 14.4 Landform: Flat 31% | Ridge 64% | Valley 5% Keyline Zone: 2

Baa-Baa Pasture: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Floody Place Area: 2.71 ha Elevation: 47-84 m (mean 66) Slope: 13.1° mean, 19.1° max Aspect: ↑ N (N 72%, E 0%, S 0%, W 27%°) TWI: 13.7 Landform: Flat 17% | Ridge 41% | Valley 41% Keyline Zone: 1

Floody Place: ███████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Old Mother Hubbard's Field Area: 2.98 ha Elevation: 59-74 m (mean 65) Slope: 7.7° mean, 12.0° max Aspect: → E (N 3%, E 97%, S 0%, W 0%°) TWI: 14.3 Landform: Flat 34% | Ridge 63% | Valley 3% Keyline Zone: 2

Old Mother Hubbard's Field: █████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Peter Rabbit's Patch Area: 0.88 ha Elevation: 44-70 m (mean 57) Slope: 4.5° mean, 13.6° max Aspect: ↑ N (N 45%, E 21%, S 10%, W 24%°) TWI: 15.1 Landform: Flat 20% | Ridge 14% | Valley 66% Keyline Zone: 2

Peter Rabbit's Patch: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Kanga's Long Meadow Area: 3.27 ha Elevation: 45-71 m (mean 55) Slope: 4.6° mean, 12.4° max Aspect: → E (N 10%, E 45%, S 40%, W 5%°) TWI: 15.1 Landform: Flat 48% | Ridge 18% | Valley 34% Keyline Zone: 2

Kanga's Long Meadow: █████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow Area: 1.52 ha Elevation: 35-70 m (mean 55) Slope: 7.5° mean, 13.0° max Aspect: → E (N 4%, E 96%, S 0%, W 0%°) TWI: 17.4 Landform: Flat 42% | Ridge 43% | Valley 15% Keyline Zone: 2

Wee Willie Winkie's Meadow: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Old Brown's Field Area: 1.16 ha Elevation: 41-69 m (mean 51) Slope: 6.2° mean, 16.2° max Aspect: ← W (N 8%, E 3%, S 42%, W 46%°) TWI: 19.2 Landform: Flat 5% | Ridge 95% | Valley 0% Keyline Zone: 2

Old Brown's Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Old MacDonald's Farmyard Area: 7.70 ha Elevation: 39-64 m (mean 50) Slope: 4.8° mean, 15.2° max Aspect: ← W (N 17%, E 0%, S 8%, W 75%°) TWI: 15.0 Landform: Flat 40% | Ridge 17% | Valley 42% Keyline Zone: 2

Old MacDonald's Farmyard: ███████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Benjamin Bunny's Burrow Field Area: 3.05 ha Elevation: 38-69 m (mean 49) Slope: 4.9° mean, 16.3° max Aspect: ← W (N 22%, E 0%, S 29%, W 49%°) TWI: 15.5 Landform: Flat 28% | Ridge 6% | Valley 66% Keyline Zone: 2

Benjamin Bunny's Burrow Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Heffalump Pasture Area: 0.22 ha Elevation: 37-56 m (mean 44) Slope: 6.5° mean, 11.0° max Aspect: ↓ S (N 0%, E 11%, S 89%, W 0%°) TWI: 14.5 Landform: Flat 31% | Ridge 20% | Valley 49% Keyline Zone: 2

Heffalump Pasture: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Owl's Holt Area: 1.67 ha Elevation: 37-51 m (mean 42) Slope: 5.9° mean, 13.9° max Aspect: → E (N 25%, E 65%, S 8%, W 3%°) TWI: 15.8 Landform: Flat 27% | Ridge 20% | Valley 52% Keyline Zone: 2

Owl's Holt: ███████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

The Crooked Man's Field Area: 6.78 ha Elevation: 38-50 m (mean 42) Slope: 4.0° mean, 11.5° max Aspect: → E (N 9%, E 38%, S 36%, W 17%°) TWI: 15.3 Landform: Flat 46% | Ridge 10% | Valley 43% Keyline Zone: 2

The Crooked Man's Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Jack & Jill's Hill Area: 1.78 ha Elevation: 28-62 m (mean 41) Slope: 7.0° mean, 20.3° max Aspect: → E (N 6%, E 84%, S 10%, W 0%°) TWI: 14.6 Landform: Flat 17% | Ridge 6% | Valley 77% Keyline Zone: 2

Jack & Jill's Hill: ███████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Three Blind Mice Meadow Area: 8.41 ha Elevation: 33-47 m (mean 41) Slope: 2.8° mean, 14.3° max Aspect: ← W (N 37%, E 13%, S 11%, W 39%°) TWI: 15.4 Landform: Flat 60% | Ridge 25% | Valley 15% Keyline Zone: 2

Three Blind Mice Meadow: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

The Thoughtful Spot Area: 0.52 ha Elevation: 21-65 m (mean 40) Slope: 6.5° mean, 17.0° max Aspect: → E (N 20%, E 42%, S 30%, W 8%°) TWI: 17.2 Landform: Flat 26% | Ridge 30% | Valley 43% Keyline Zone: 2

The Thoughtful Spot: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Tigger's Bouncing Field Area: 3.85 ha Elevation: 32-53 m (mean 40) Slope: 4.7° mean, 13.0° max Aspect: → E (N 15%, E 64%, S 12%, W 9%°) TWI: 16.8 Landform: Flat 27% | Ridge 45% | Valley 28% Keyline Zone: 2

Tigger's Bouncing Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Jack's Beanstalk Field Area: 6.08 ha Elevation: 34-44 m (mean 39) Slope: 3.0° mean, 6.3° max Aspect: ← W (N 21%, E 2%, S 24%, W 53%°) TWI: 15.5 Landform: Flat 63% | Ridge 4% | Valley 32% Keyline Zone: 3

Jack's Beanstalk Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Mr Toad's Hall Field Area: 1.97 ha Elevation: 31-49 m (mean 37) Slope: 7.0° mean, 10.8° max Aspect: ↓ S (N 0%, E 14%, S 60%, W 26%°) TWI: 14.4 Landform: Flat 16% | Ridge 0% | Valley 83% Keyline Zone: 2

Mr Toad's Hall Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Goldilocks Field Area: 7.51 ha Elevation: 34-41 m (mean 37) Slope: 2.2° mean, 4.7° max Aspect: ↓ S (N 8%, E 13%, S 55%, W 24%°) TWI: 15.8 Landform: Flat 66% | Ridge 16% | Valley 18% Keyline Zone: 2

Goldilocks Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Rabbit's Top Field Area: 4.79 ha Elevation: 18-57 m (mean 36) Slope: 6.8° mean, 15.1° max Aspect: → E (N 27%, E 62%, S 11%, W 0%°) TWI: 14.4 Landform: Flat 15% | Ridge 15% | Valley 71% Keyline Zone: 2

Rabbit's Top Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Piglet's Patch Area: 1.85 ha Elevation: 16-56 m (mean 34) Slope: 12.0° mean, 23.3° max Aspect: → E (N 0%, E 94%, S 6%, W 0%°) TWI: 17.8 Landform: Flat 46% | Ridge 9% | Valley 45% Keyline Zone: 2

Piglet's Patch: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Hundred Acre Wood Area: 6.53 ha Elevation: 33-35 m (mean 34) Slope: 1.6° mean, 3.1° max Aspect: ↓ S (N 0%, E 0%, S 97%, W 3%°) TWI: 15.8 Landform: Flat 73% | Ridge 0% | Valley 27% Keyline Zone: 3

Hundred Acre Wood: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Six Pine Trees Area: 12.49 ha Elevation: 33-36 m (mean 34) Slope: 3.0° mean, 4.0° max Aspect: ← W (N 0%, E 0%, S 36%, W 64%°) TWI: 15.2 Landform: Flat 74% | Ridge 26% | Valley 0% Keyline Zone: 2

Six Pine Trees: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

The Three Bears' Cottage Field Area: 8.38 ha Elevation: 32-35 m (mean 34) Slope: 2.2° mean, 5.7° max Aspect: ↓ S (N 0%, E 0%, S 82%, W 18%°) TWI: 15.6 Landform: Flat 55% | Ridge 45% | Valley 0% Keyline Zone: 2

The Three Bears' Cottage Field: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Hickory Dickory's Meadow Area: 5.23 ha Elevation: 29-37 m (mean 33) Slope: 3.2° mean, 5.9° max Aspect: → E (N 7%, E 47%, S 29%, W 18%°) TWI: 15.2 Landform: Flat 55% | Ridge 9% | Valley 36% Keyline Zone: 2

Hickory Dickory's Meadow: ████████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)

Roo's Sandy Pit Area: 6.27 ha Elevation: 13-51 m (mean 32) Slope: 11.8° mean, 25.4° max Aspect: ↑ N (N 52%, E 7%, S 0%, W 41%°) TWI: 17.5 Landform: Flat 12% | Ridge 12% | Valley 77% Keyline Zone: 2

Roo's Sandy Pit: ███████████████████ (Flat | Ridge | Valley)